Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 45

Adhyaya 82The Rise of Mahishasura and the Manifestation of the Goddess from the Gods’ Tejas

वृतः कालो रथानाञ्च रणे पञ्चाशतायुतैः ।

युयुधे संयुगे तत्र तावद्भिः परिवारितः ॥

vṛtaḥ kālo rathānāñca raṇe pañcāśatāyutaiḥ / yuyudhe saṃyuge tatra tāvadbhiḥ parivāritaḥ

Kāla (un asura nommé Kāla), entouré au combat par cinquante mille chars, livra bataille là, au cœur de la mêlée, encerclé par un nombre égal de guerriers.

vṛtaḥsurrounded/covered
vṛtaḥ:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvṛ (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (kta/क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; passive participle used adjectivally
kālaḥKāla (the demon/person named Kāla)
kālaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
rathānāmof chariots
rathānām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootratha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
raṇein battle
raṇe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
pañcāśatāyutaiḥby fifty ayutas (i.e., 500,000)
pañcāśatāyutaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootpañcāśat (प्रातिपदिक) + ayuta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्विगु-समास (numerical compound: pañcāśat+ayuta = 50×10,000), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (समासान्त), तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
yuyudhefought
yuyudhe:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootyudh (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect/परोक्शभूत), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद
saṃyugein the combat
saṃyuge:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃyuga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
tatrathere
tatra:
Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देशाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक अव्यय (adverb of place)
tāvadbhiḥby so many/as many
tāvadbhiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeAdjective
Roottāvat (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम-प्राय)
Formतदादि-परिमाणवाचक, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; (gender context-dependent, here used with implied ‘rathaiḥ/saṃkhyābhiḥ’)
parivāritaḥsurrounded on all sides
parivāritaḥ:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpari-√vṛ (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (kta/क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; passive participle
Narrative voice within the Devi Mahatmyam frame (Markandeya Purana’s recitation tradition; not direct bird-dialogue in these verses)
Devi (Ambika/Chandika)
Ambika/Chandika (implied battle context of Devi Mahatmyam)
ShaktismDivine battleProtection of cosmic order (dharma)

FAQs

Evil often appears as overwhelming force and organization; the Devi narrative stresses that sheer numbers and military display cannot overturn dharma when divine order is awakened and defended.

This is not a sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita passage; it is an upākhyāna (sacred episode) used to teach dharma through the Devi’s victory—ancillary to pancalakṣaṇa rather than a direct instance of it.

The named asura ‘Kāla’ evokes the motif that even ‘Time/Death’ is ultimately circumscribed; the Goddess stands as the transcendent power before which the cycles of destruction lose their tyranny.