Shloka 46

Adhyaya 49 — Primordial Human Creation, the Rise of Desire, and the Origins of Settlements, Measures, and Agriculture

Sanskrit

प्राकारपरिखाहीनां पुरं खर्वटमुच्यते ।

शाखानगरकञ्चान्यन्मन्त्रिसामन्तभुक्तिमत् ॥

Transliteration

prākāra-parikhā-hīnāṃ puraṃ kharvaṭam ucyate | śākhānagarakaṃ cānyan mantri-sāmanta-bhuktimat ||

Translation

«Un établissement sans mur ni fossé est appelé kharvaṭa. Un autre type est la śākhānagaraka (ville-ramification), tenue et administrée sous l’autorité des ministres et des chefs feudataires (sāmanta).»

Word by Word

• प्राकार-परिखा-हीनम्: lacking wall and moat
• प्राकार-परिखा-हीनम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्राकार + परिखा + हीन (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्वन्द्व-पूर्वपद (प्राकार+परिखा) + हीन: 'प्राकारपरिखाभ्यां हीनम्' (devoid of wall and moat)

• पुरम्: a town
• पुरम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• खर्वटम्: (is called) kharvaṭa
• खर्वटम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: खर्वट (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; नामरूपेण (as designation)

• उच्यते: is called
• उच्यते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (वचँ) (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार, कर्मणि-प्रयोग (Passive), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• शाखानगरकम्: a branch-town
• शाखानगरकम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शाखा + नगरक (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• अन्यत्: another/other
• अन्यत्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• मन्त्रि-सामन्त-भुक्ति-मत्: having ministers, feudatories, and allotted revenues/administration
• मन्त्रि-सामन्त-भुक्ति-मत्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मन्त्रि + सामन्त + भुक्ति + मत् (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुष: 'मन्त्रिसामन्तभुक्तियुक्तम्' (possessing ministerial and feudatory allotments/administration)

Speakers

• Not explicitly indicated in the provided excerpt

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Rāja-dharma
• Fortification criteria
• Administrative control (ministers, sāmantas)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Security features define civic status, and delegated governance (ministers, sāmantas) is acknowledged as a practical instrument—implying accountability structures in dharmic polity.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Sthiti: preservation and administration of society through clear civic categories and governance mechanisms.

What is the esoteric significance?

A ‘town without defenses’ can allegorize a life without ethical boundaries; ‘branch-towns under ministers’ can symbolize faculties (mantri) governing subsidiary tendencies under a higher sovereignty (dharma).