Shloka 32

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

गुरूणामासनं देयमभ्युत्थानादिसत्कृतम् ।

अनुकूलं तथालापमभिवादनपूर्वकम् ॥

Transliteration

gurūṇām āsanaṃ deyam abhyutthānādi-satkṛtam | anukūlaṃ tathālāpam abhivādana-pūrvakam ||

Translation

On doit offrir un siège aux maîtres et aux aînés, et les honorer en se levant et par d’autres gestes de respect. On doit leur parler avec douceur, en commençant par des salutations révérencieuses.

Word by Word

• गुरूणाम्: of the elders/teachers
• गुरूणाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन

• आसनम्: a seat
• आसनम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आसन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• देयम्: to be given
• देयम्: विधेय (Predicate/विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: देय (कृदन्त; √दा)
• Form: कृदन्त (gerundive/यत्), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विधेयविशेषण (predicative)

• अभ्युत्थानादि-सत्कृतम्: honored with standing up and the like
• अभ्युत्थानादि-सत्कृतम्: विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभ्युत्थान + आदि + सत्कृत (कृदन्त; √कृ with सत्-उपसर्ग)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (अभ्युत्थानादिभिः सत्कृतम् = honored by standing up etc.); भूतकृदन्त (क्त)

• अनुकूलम्: pleasant, agreeable
• अनुकूलम्: विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनुकूल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying आलापम्)

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverb/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थ (likewise)

• आलापम्: conversation, speech
• आलापम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आलाप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• अभिवादनपूर्वकम्: preceded by salutation
• अभिवादनपूर्वकम्: विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभिवादन + पूर्वक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; अव्ययीभाव (अभिवादनं पूर्वं यस्य/with salutation first)

Speakers

• Dharmic instruction within the Markandeya Purana’s didactic discourse (speaker not specified in the provided extract)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhakti", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Guru-bhakti
• Social ethics
• Humility

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Knowledge and virtue are preserved through reverence toward teachers. Respect is not only internal; it must be enacted through bodily gestures (offering a seat, rising) and refined speech.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/dharma instruction; not pañcalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘guru’ functions as a living axis of dharma; rising and offering a seat externalize the inner act of ‘placing’ higher wisdom above ego.