Shloka 115

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

पौराः सुसंयता यत्र सततं न्यायवर्तिनः ।

यत्रामत्सरिणो लोकास्तत्र वासः सुखोदयः ॥

Transliteration

paurāḥ susaṃyatā yatra satataṃ nyāyavartinaḥ / yatrāmatsariṇo lokāstatra vāsaḥ sukhodayaḥ

Translation

Là où les citadins sont bien disciplinés et suivent sans cesse la justice, et où les gens sont exempts d’envie—demeurer en ce lieu fait naître le bonheur.

Word by Word

• paurāḥ: citizens/townsmen
• paurāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paura (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• su-saṃyatāḥ: well-disciplined
• su-saṃyatāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: su + saṃyata (कृदन्त; √yam यम् (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); उपसर्ग/उपपद-समास (su- = well)

• yatra: where
• yatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Relative adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय)

• satatam: constantly
• satatam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: satatam (अव्यय; satata-शब्दात्)
• Form: Adverb (कालवाचक अव्यय)

• nyāya-vartinaḥ: following justice
• nyāya-vartinaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nyāya + vartin (प्रातिपदिक; -इन् प्रत्यय)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); विषय-तत्पुरुषः (nyāye vartinaḥ = abiding in justice)

• yatra: where
• yatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Relative adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय)

• a-matsariṇaḥ: free from envy
• a-matsariṇaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a + matsarin (प्रातिपदिक; -इन् प्रत्यय)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); नञ्-समास/निषेध (a- = not)

• lokāḥ: people
• lokāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: loka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय)

• vāsaḥ: dwelling/residence
• vāsaḥ: Karta (कर्ता; predicate-noun)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• sukha-udayaḥ: a source/rise of happiness
• sukha-udayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता; predicate-noun)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sukha + udaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (sukhasya udayaḥ = rise of happiness)

Speakers

• Didactic narrator within dharma-teaching context

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Nyāya (justice)
• Social ethics
• Non-envy

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Collective happiness is rooted in self-restraint, justice, and freedom from envy—virtues that prevent social friction and make dharma livable in everyday life.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ethical-social dharma counsel (ācāra), functioning as Purāṇic instruction rather than cosmology.

What is the esoteric significance?

A ‘city’ can symbolize the body-mind complex: discipline and justice are inner regulation; absence of envy is non-comparison—leading to stable contentment (sukha).