Shloka 101

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

कृत्वापसव्यं वायव्यां यक्ष्मैतत्तेति भाजनात् । अन्नावशेषमिच्छन् वै तोयं दद्याद्यथाविधि ॥

Transliteration

kṛtvāpasavyaṃ vāyavyāṃ yakṣmaitatteti bhājanāt | annāvaśeṣamicchan vai toyaṃ dadyādyathāvidhi ||

Translation

Puis, dans la direction du nord-ouest (vāyavya), après avoir accompli l’apasavya (cordon sacré inversé) en prononçant «yakṣma etat te» depuis le récipient, alors, s’il désire le reste de la nourriture, il doit donner de l’eau selon la règle.

Word by Word

• कृत्वा: having done/made
• कृत्वा: पूर्वक्रिया (Prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund), पूर्वकालिक क्रिया

• अपसव्यम्: the counterclockwise (turn)
• अपसव्यम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपसव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणवत् (as object of kṛtvā)

• वायव्याम्: in the northwest (direction)
• वायव्याम्: अधिकरण (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वायव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; दिशिवाचक

• यक्ष्म: O Yakṣma (disease/consumption)
• यक्ष्म: सम्बोधन (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यक्ष्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन/प्रथमा-एकवचन (vocative/nominative form used in mantra)

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन

• ते: for you / to you
• ते: सम्प्रदान (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• इति: thus
• इति: उद्धरण (Quotation marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरणार्थक अव्यय (quotative)

• भाजनात्: from the vessel
• भाजनात्: अपादान (Source/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाजन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन

• अन्नावशेषम्: the remainder of food
• अन्नावशेषम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्न + अवशेष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषसमास; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• इच्छन्: desiring
• इच्छन्: कर्ता (Agent/कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: इष्/इच्छ् (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom), एकवचन

• वै: indeed
• वै: निपात (Particle/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (emphatic particle)

• तोयम्: water
• तोयम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तोय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• दद्यात्: should give
• दद्यात्: क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• यथाविधि: according to rule
• यथाविधि: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा + विधि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभावसमास; अव्यय (adverb)

Speakers

• Not specified in the provided excerpt (instructional narrative voice)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Ritual purity
• Pitṛ-ritual markers (apasavya)
• Apotropaic mantra
• Gṛhastha discipline

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The rite regulates consumption: only after prescribed offerings and purificatory steps may one take remnants. It encodes restraint and prioritizing dharma over appetite.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/Dharma material; not pañcalakṣaṇa narrative.

What is the esoteric significance?

Apasavya indicates a ‘counter-current’ associated with Pitṛ-world and dissolution; the yakṣma-formula functions as a warding/transfer motif—symbolically diverting impurity or ill-effect away from the eater before partaking.