Shloka 39

Adhyaya 32 — Rules for Parvana Śrāddha: Foods that Please the Ancestors and Items to Avoid

Sanskrit

एतत् ते पुत्र कथितं श्राद्धकर्म यथोदितम् । काम्यानां श्रूयतां वत्स श्राद्धानां तिथिकीर्तनम् ॥

Transliteration

etat te putra kathitaṃ śrāddha-karma yathoditam / kāmyānāṃ śrūyatāṃ vatsa śrāddhānāṃ tithi-kīrtanam

Translation

Ainsi, ô mon fils, le rite du śrāddha t’a été exposé selon ce qu’énonce la tradition. Maintenant, cher enfant, écoute la récitation des dates lunaires (tithi) pour les śrāddhas kāmya, accomplis par désir.

Word by Word

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; nominative/accusative singular (neuter)

• ते: to you/for you
• ते: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी/चतुर्थी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; genitive/dative singular ‘of/to you’ (enclitic)

• पुत्र: O son
• पुत्र: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-प्रथमा (vocative), एकवचन

• कथितम्: (has been) told
• कथितम्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कथित (कृदन्त; कथ् (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि (past passive participle); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; used predicatively ‘has been told’

• श्राद्धकर्म: the śrāddha rite
• श्राद्धकर्म: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध-कर्म (प्रातिपदिक; श्राद्ध + कर्मन्)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: श्राद्धस्य कर्म; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• यथा: as
• यथा: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, प्रकार/उपमानवाचक (adverb: ‘as’)

• उदितम्: as prescribed/said
• उदितम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उदित (कृदन्त; वद्/उद्+इ (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘as stated/declared’ (qualifies श्राद्धकर्म)

• काम्यानाम्: of desire-motivated (optional) [rites]
• काम्यानाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: काम्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक (प्रायः), षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; genitive plural ‘of optional/desire-motivated (rites)’

• श्रूयताम्: let (it) be heard
• श्रूयताम्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (आज्ञार्थ), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; imperative passive-style: ‘let it be heard’

• वत्स: O dear child
• वत्स: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वत्स (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (vocative), एकवचन

• श्राद्धानाम्: of śrāddhas
• श्राद्धानाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; genitive plural

• तिथिकीर्तनम्: the recitation/mention of (proper) lunar days
• तिथिकीर्तनम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तिथि-कीर्तन (प्रातिपदिक; तिथि + कीर्तन)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: तिथेः कीर्तनम्; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

Speakers

• Madālasā (transition marker within the discourse)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs (ancestors)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitṛ Pūjā
• Ritual classification (kāmya)
• Calendar/tithi

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text distinguishes between duty-based performance and desire-based performance, indicating an ethical hierarchy while still accommodating householders’ aims within a regulated framework.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

It is a structural transition in a dharma section; not pancalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Naming the tithis’ implies that time itself is a sacramental medium; aligning action with sacred time is a way of harmonizing personal intention with cosmic rhythm.