Shloka 74

Adhyaya 23 — Ashvatara’s Vow for Madalasa and the Bestowal of Musical Science by Sarasvati

Sanskrit

अन्तर्गृहे तां सुदतीं स्त्रीभिर्गुप्तामधारयत् ।

तौ चानुदिनमागम्य पुत्रौ नागपतेः सुखम् ॥

Transliteration

antargṛhe tāṃ sudatīṃ strībhir guptām adhārayat |

tau cānudinam āgamya putrau nāgapateḥ sukham ||

Translation

Il garda cette femme aux belles dents dans les appartements intérieurs, sous la garde de femmes. Et les deux fils, venant jour après jour, devinrent la joie du seigneur des serpents.

Word by Word

• अन्तः-गृहे: inside the house
• अन्तः-गृहे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्तः (अव्यय/उपसर्गार्थ) + गृह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास (inside the house); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (locative), एकवचन

• ताम्: her
• ताम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• सुदतीम्: the beautiful (woman)
• सुदतीम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + दती (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (सु+दती = good-toothed/beautiful); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• स्त्रीभिः: by women
• स्त्रीभिः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (instrumental), बहुवचन

• गुप्ताम्: guarded/protected
• गुप्ताम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गुप् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• अधारयत्: kept/held
• अधारयत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: धृ (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद; causative sense possible by context (kept/maintained)

• तौ: those two
• तौ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, द्विवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• अनुदिनम्: daily
• अनुदिनम्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनुदिन (अव्ययीभाव/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb) = every day

• आगम्य: having come
• आगम्य: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-गम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund); पूर्वकालिक क्रिया (having come)

• पुत्रौ: two sons
• पुत्रौ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, द्विवचन

• नागपतेः: of the lord of serpents
• नागपतेः: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नागपति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (नागानां पतिः); पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (genitive), एकवचन

• सुखम्: happiness/comfort
• सुखम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Speakers

• Narrative voice within Markandeya Purana (frame-speaker not identifiable from excerpt alone)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "sringara", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Protection of women (inner quarters)
• Secrecy
• Family affection
• Nāga kingship

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse reflects a social ethic of safeguarding vulnerable persons within the household and portrays familial bonds as a source of legitimate happiness (sukha) even amid secrecy.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Carita (event narrative) with a domestic/royal-household setting; not directly sarga/pratisarga/manvantara-focused in this excerpt.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘inner house’ can signify the hidden interior of the psyche where potent forces are concealed and nurtured until circumstances allow their public emergence.