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Shloka 54

Adhyāya 55: Pārtha–Rādheya Saṃvāda and Tactical Exchange

Chapter 55

इस प्रकार श्रीमह्याभारत विराटपर्वके अन्तर्गत गोहरणपर्वमें उत्तरगोग्रहके समय कर्णका युद्ध पलायनविषयक चौवनवाँ अध्याय पूरा हुआ

iti prakāraṃ śrīmahābhārate virāṭaparvaṇi antar-gata-goharaṇaparvaṇi uttaragograha-samaye karṇasya yuddha-palāyana-viṣayakaś catuḥpañcāśattamo 'dhyāyaḥ samāptaḥ | yastu nīlānusāreṇa pañcatāreṇa ketunā | hastāvāpī bṛhaddhanvā rathe tiṣṭhati vīryavān |

Vaiśaṃpāyana dit : «Ainsi s’achève le cinquante-quatrième chapitre de l’épisode de la Goharaṇa, au sein du Virāṭa Parva, décrivant la retraite de Karṇa hors du combat lors de la saisie du bétail impliquant Uttara. Or voici le puissant guerrier qui se tient sur son char—marqué d’une bannière bleue portant le signe de cinq étoiles—portant des protège-mains, brandissant un grand arc, resplendissant d’un étendard orné d’emblèmes célestes, avec au-dessus de sa tête un lumineux parasol blanc, et une cuirasse et un casque d’or éclatants comme le soleil et la lune : c’est Bhīṣma, le premier des combattants en char, l’aïeul de tous, fils de Śāntanu. Pourtant, bien qu’investi de splendeur royale, il demeure sous les ordres de Duryodhana ; aussi pèse-t-il sur l’esprit d’une tristesse, faisant naître la tension morale entre la vertu personnelle et l’allégeance à une cause injuste.»

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
नीलानुसारेणwith/according to the blue (marking/stripe)
नीलानुसारेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनीलानुसार
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
पञ्चतारेणwith the five-star(-marked)
पञ्चतारेण:
Karana
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootपञ्चतार
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
केतुनाwith a banner/standard
केतुना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकेतु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
हस्तावापीwearing hand-guards/gloves
हस्तावापी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहस्तावापिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बृहद्धन्वाhaving a great bow
बृहद्धन्वा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबृहद्धन्वन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रथेin/on the chariot
रथे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तिष्ठतिstands/remains
तिष्ठति:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
वीर्यवान्valorous/powerful
वीर्यवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवीर्यवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana
M
Mahābhārata
V
Virāṭa Parva
G
Goharaṇa Parva (cattle-seizure episode)
U
Uttara
K
Karṇa
B
Bhīṣma
Ś
Śāntanu
D
Duryodhana
C
chariot (ratha)
B
banner/standard (ketu)
W
white parasol (chatra)
G
golden armor (kavaca)
H
helmet (śirastāṇa/śirastrāṇa)

Educational Q&A

The passage highlights the ethical strain when a virtuous, illustrious elder (Bhīṣma) remains bound by allegiance and political obligation to a flawed ruler (Duryodhana). It invites reflection on dharma: whether duty to a throne or vow can justify serving an unrighteous cause, and how such service can become a source of sorrow even when performed with discipline and honor.

This is a chapter-colophon and transition: it closes the chapter describing Karṇa’s retreat during the cattle-raid conflict involving Uttara, then begins a vivid identification of the mighty chariot-warrior—Bhīṣma—describing his banner, weapons, and regal insignia, and commenting on the poignancy that he fights under Duryodhana’s command.