Shloka 21

एताश्षान्याश्न॒ परुषा वाच: स समुदीरयन्‌ । श्लाघते ज्ञातिमध्ये सम त्वयि प्रव्रजिते वनम्‌,जब आप वनकी ओर जाने लगे, उस समय भी वह बन्धु-बान्धवोंके बीचमें ऊपर कही हुई तथा और भी बहुत-सी कठोर बातें कहकर अपनी प्रशंसा करता रहा

etāś cānyāś ca paruṣā vācaḥ sa samudīrayan | ślāghate jñātimadhye sam tvayi pravrajite vanam ||

Proférant ces paroles—et bien d’autres encore—d’une dureté implacable, il ne cessa de proclamer sa propre grandeur au milieu des siens, jusque dans l’instant même où tu partais pour la forêt en exilé. Cette remarque met en lumière la laideur morale de l’orgueil et de la cruauté étalés en public contre celui qui souffre déjà, et elle situe le grief de Yudhiṣṭhira dans la transgression du dharma de la parenté et de la simple décence.

एताःthese
एताः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootएतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
अन्याःother
अन्याः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
परुषाःharsh
परुषाः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरुष
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
वाचःwords/speeches
वाचः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समुदीरयन्uttering, speaking forth
समुदीरयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-उद्-ईर्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
श्लाघतेboasts, praises himself
श्लाघते:
TypeVerb
Rootश्लाघ्
FormLat (present), Atmanepada, Third, Singular
ज्ञाति-मध्येin the midst of kinsmen
ज्ञाति-मध्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञाति + मध्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
समम्equally; in the same way
समम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम
त्वयिwhen/while you (were)
त्वयि:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormLocative, Singular
प्रव्रजितेhaving departed (as an exile); when (you) had gone forth
प्रव्रजिते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√व्रज्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Locative, Singular
वनम्to the forest
वनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
T
the unnamed boaster (contextually a Kaurava, typically Duryodhana)
K
kinsmen/relatives (jñāti)
F
forest (vana)

Educational Q&A

Cruel speech and self-glorification, especially before one’s own relatives and against an already afflicted person, are adharma. The verse highlights how pride expressed through harsh public speech violates kinship-duty and erodes the moral fabric that should restrain conflict.

Yudhiṣṭhira recalls how the opponent continued to utter harsh remarks and boast among the family assembly even when the Pāṇḍavas were being sent away to the forest. It is part of the moral indictment that the Kaurava side acted with humiliation and arrogance, not merely political rivalry.