Shloka 7
Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 137 — Bhīṣma–Droṇa Counsel and the Ethics of Restraint
Devanagari script
प्रत्यक्ष ते महाबाहो यथा पार्थेन धीमता । विराटनगरे पूर्व सर्वे सम युधि निर्जिता:
Translation
Ô toi aux grands bras ! Tu l’as vu de tes propres yeux : jadis, dans la cité de Virāṭa, au combat, l’avisé Arjuna nous a tous vaincus sans exception.
Word by Word
प्रत्यक्षम्directly, before (one's) eyes
प्रत्यक्षम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रत्यक्ष
FormAvyaya (adverbial accusative usage)
तेof you/your
ते:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
महाबाहोO mighty-armed one
महाबाहो:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाबाहु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यथाas, just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
FormAvyaya
पार्थेनby Partha (Arjuna)
पार्थेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
धीमताby the wise/intelligent one
धीमता:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootधीमत्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
विराटनगरेin the city of Virata
विराटनगरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविराटनगर
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पूर्वम्formerly, earlier
पूर्वम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
FormAvyaya (temporal adverb)
सर्वेall (of us/they all)
सर्वे:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
समम्together, equally, all at once
समम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम
FormAvyaya (adverb)
युधिin battle
युधि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुध्
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
निर्जिताःdefeated, vanquished
निर्जिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्जित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural (past passive participle of √जि with nis-)
Speaker
वैशम्पायन उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes