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Shloka 2

Adhyāya 108: Paścima-dik—Varuṇa’s Realm, Sunset Cosmology, and Sacred-Geographic Markers

Suparṇa–Gālava संवाद

गरुड़ कहते हैं--गालव! यह प्रसिद्ध है कि पूर्वकालमें भगवान्‌ सूर्यने वेदोक्त विधिके अनुसार यज्ञ करके आचार्य कश्यपको दक्षिणारूपसे इस दिशाका दान किया था, इसीलिये इसे दक्षिण दिशा कहते हैं ।। अत्र लोकत्रयस्यास्य पितृपक्ष: प्रतिष्ठित: । अत्रोष्मपाणां देवानां निवास: श्रूयते द्विज,ब्रह्म! तीनों लोकोंके पितृगण इसी दिशामें प्रतिष्ठित हैं तथा “ऊष्मप” नामक देवताओंका निवास भी इसी दिशामें सुना जाता है

garuḍa uvāca—gālava! etat prasiddhaṁ yat pūrvakāle bhagavān sūryo vedokta-vidhinā yajñaṁ kṛtvā ācāryaṁ kaśyapaṁ dakṣiṇā-rūpeṇa asyā diśo dānaṁ dadau; tasmād eṣā dakṣiṇā diś ucyate. atra lokatrayasya asya pitṛpakṣaḥ pratiṣṭhitaḥ. atrauṣmapāṇāṁ devānāṁ nivāsaḥ śrūyate, dvija-brahman.

Garuḍa dit : «Gālava, il est notoire que jadis le Soleil bienheureux, après avoir accompli un sacrifice selon l’ordonnance védique, accorda ce quartier au maître Kaśyapa comme dakṣiṇā ; c’est pourquoi on l’appelle la direction du Sud. Ici sont établis les Pitṛs, les Pères ancestraux des trois mondes ; et ici aussi—ô brahmane—selon la tradition, demeure la classe de divinités appelée Uṣmapas.»

अत्रhere; in this (direction/place)
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
लोकत्रयस्यof the three worlds
लोकत्रयस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootलोकत्रय
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
अस्यof this
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
पितृपक्षःthe side/region of the Pitṛs (manes)
पितृपक्षः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृपक्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रतिष्ठितःis established; is situated
प्रतिष्ठितः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रतिष्ठित
FormPerfective (past participle), Singular, Masculine, Nominative
अत्रhere; in this (direction/place)
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
ऊष्मपाणाम्of the Uṣmapa (a class of gods)
ऊष्मपाणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootऊष्मप
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
देवानाम्of the gods
देवानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
निवासःdwelling; abode
निवासः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिवास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्रूयतेis heard; is said
श्रूयते:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive (impersonal sense)
द्विजO twice-born (brahmin)
द्विज:
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युपर्ण उवाच

G
Garuḍa
G
Gālava
S
Sūrya (Sun-god)
K
Kaśyapa
D
Dakṣiṇā diś (Southern direction)
P
Pitṛs (ancestral beings)
L
Lokatraya (three worlds)
U
Uṣmapas (a class of deities)

Educational Q&A

The verse grounds sacred geography in Vedic ritual ethics: a direction becomes ‘southern’ through a remembered act of yajña and dakṣiṇā, and the South is thereby linked with the Pitṛs and specific divine classes. It emphasizes that ritual gift-giving (dakṣiṇā) and tradition (prasiddham/śrūyate) establish enduring cosmic and moral order.

Garuḍa instructs Gālava by explaining why the southern quarter is so named: Sūrya once performed a Vedic sacrifice and gifted that quarter to Kaśyapa as dakṣiṇā. Garuḍa further notes that the Pitṛs of the three worlds are established there and that the Uṣmapa deities are traditionally said to reside in that same direction.