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Shloka 3

Adhyāya 90 — Protection of Livelihoods, Brahmanical Subsistence Norms, and Royal Oversight (राष्ट्रवृत्ति-राष्ट्रगुप्ति-उपदेशः)

विप्रश्नेत्‌ त्यागमातिष्ठेदात्मार्थ वृत्तिकर्शित: । परिकल्प्यास्य वृत्ति: स्थात्‌ सदारस्य नराधिप,राजन! यदि ब्राह्मण अपने लिये जीविकाका प्रबन्ध न होनेसे दुर्बल हो जाय और उस राज्यको छोड़कर अन्यत्र जाने लगे तो राजाका कर्तव्य है कि परिवारसहित उस ब्राह्मणके लिये जीविकाकी व्यवस्था करे

bhīṣma uvāca | vipraḥ śneta tyāgam ātiṣṭhed ātmārtha-vṛtti-karśitaḥ | parikalpyāsya vṛttiḥ sthāt sadāraś ca narādhipa, rājan |

Bhīṣma dit : «Ô roi, si un brāhmane, accablé par le manque de moyens pour assurer sa subsistance, s’apprête à quitter le royaume et à partir ailleurs, il est du devoir du souverain—ô seigneur des hommes—de lui assurer de quoi vivre, afin que lui et sa famille soient entretenus. Ainsi le roi maintient le dharma en protégeant le savoir et ceux qui en vivent.»

विप्रःa Brahmin
विप्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चेत्if
चेत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचेत्
त्यागम्abandonment; leaving (his place/kingdom)
त्यागम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootत्याग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आतिष्ठेत्should undertake; should set about
आतिष्ठेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-स्था
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
आत्मार्थfor his own sake; for himself
आत्मार्थ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् + अर्थ
FormMasculine, Locative (used adverbially), Singular
वृत्तिकर्शितःweakened/afflicted by lack of livelihood
वृत्तिकर्शितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवृत्ति + कर्शित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परिकल्प्यhaving arranged; having provided
परिकल्प्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरि-कल्प्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
अस्यof him; for him
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
वृत्तिःlivelihood; means of subsistence
वृत्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
स्थात्should be; should remain established
स्थात्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सदारःtogether with (his) wife; with family
सदारः:
TypeAdjective
Rootस + दार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नराधिपO king; lord of men
नराधिप:
TypeNoun
Rootनर + अधिप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (Yudhishthira, addressed as narādhipa/rājan)
B
Brahmin (vipra)

Educational Q&A

A king must ensure that a brahmin who is weakened by lack of livelihood is provided for—along with his household—so that he need not abandon the kingdom; this is presented as a concrete obligation of rajadharma.

In Bhishma’s instruction to the king during the Shanti Parva, he describes a scenario where a brahmin, unable to sustain himself, prepares to leave the realm; Bhishma states that the ruler should intervene by arranging stable support for the brahmin and his family.