Shloka 18

प्रभुर्नियमने राजा य एतान्‌ न नियच्छति । भुड्धक्ते स तस्य पापस्य चतुर्भागमिति श्रुति:,जो राजा इन सबको नियमके अंदर रखनेमें समर्थ होकर भी इन्हें काबूमें नहीं रखता, वह इनके किये हुए पापका चौथाई भाग स्वयं भोगता है, ऐसा श्रुतिका कथन है

bhīṣma uvāca | prabhur niyamane rājā ya etān na niyacchati | bhunakte sa tasya pāpasya caturbhāgam iti śrutiḥ ||

Bhishma dit : Le roi est maître de la contrainte et de la règle ; s’il a le pouvoir de réprimer ces fauteurs de mal et ne les tient pas en bride, la tradition sacrée (śruti) dit qu’il prend sur lui le quart du péché qu’ils commettent. Cet enseignement rappelle la responsabilité royale : la négligence du gouvernement devient complicité morale.

प्रभुःcapable, competent (one)
प्रभुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नियमनेin restraining/controlling
नियमने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनियमन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एतान्these (persons/things)
एतान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नियच्छतिrestrains, controls
नियच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-यम्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
भुङ्क्तेenjoys/experiences (bears)
भुङ्क्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्यof that / of those
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
पापस्यof the sin
पापस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
चतुर्भागम्a fourth part
चतुर्भागम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचतुर्भाग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
श्रुतिःthe Vedic tradition/authority
श्रुतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रुति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)
Ś
Śruti (scriptural authority)

Educational Q&A

A ruler is ethically accountable for preventable wrongdoing within his realm: if he has the capacity to restrain offenders but fails to do so, he incurs a share (one-fourth) of their sin, as affirmed by śruti.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma teaches the kingly duty of regulation and punishment: governance is not merely power but responsibility, and negligence in enforcing restraint makes the king a participant in the moral consequences.