Shloka 87
Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)
दण्डनीत्यां यदा राजा त्रीनंशाननुवर्तते । चतुर्थमंशमुत्सूज्य तदा त्रेता प्रवर्तते
daṇḍanītyāṁ yadā rājā trīn aṁśān anuvartate | caturtham aṁśam utsṛjya tadā tretā pravartate ||
Bhīṣma dit : Lorsque le roi, dans l’exercice de la daṇḍanīti (l’art de châtier et de gouverner), ne suit que trois parts et met de côté la quatrième, alors l’âge de Tretā entre en action. En cette condition, le quart d’inauspice se tient à la suite des trois parts de mérite ; et sur la terre, la nourriture naît des actes ordinaires du labour et des semailles, et les plantes médicinales surgissent de même, selon l’ordre naturel.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhīṣma links the moral quality of governance (daṇḍanīti) with cosmic-social conditions: when a ruler’s administration embodies only three parts of righteousness and relinquishes the fourth, society shifts from the ideal Kṛta age toward Tretā, where a measurable portion of inauspiciousness accompanies merit.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on royal duty and social order, Bhīṣma explains to the listener how different yugas manifest. Here he describes the onset of Tretā-yuga in terms of the king’s practice of daṇḍanīti and the resulting mixed presence of merit and inauspiciousness, along with ordinary agricultural production.