Shloka 29

Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)

Devanagari script

आकरे लवणे शुल्के तरे नागबले तथा । न्यसेदमात्यान्‌ नृपतिः स्वाप्तान्‌ वा पुरुषान्‌ हितान्‌

Transliteration

ākare lavaṇe śulke tare nāgabale tathā | nyased amātyān nṛpatiḥ svāptān vā puruṣān hitān ||

Translation

Dans les mines (telles que celles d’or), les salines, les droits de douane et péages, les passages de bac, ainsi que dans l’administration des corps d’éléphants, le roi doit établir des ministres—ou des hommes sûrs, dévoués à son intérêt—afin de surveiller et de contrôler les revenus.

Word by Word

• ākare: in a mine/ore-deposit
• ākare: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: ākara
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• lavaṇe: in salt (works/market)
• lavaṇe: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: lavaṇa
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• śulke: in toll/customs-duty (collection)
• śulke: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: śulka
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• tare: at a ferry/ford
• tare: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: tara
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• nāgabale: in the elephant-force (elephant corps)
• nāgabale: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: nāgabala
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• tathā: likewise/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā

• nyaset: should appoint/place
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni-√as
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-liṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• amātyān: ministers
• amātyān: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: amātya
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• nṛpatiḥ: the king
• nṛpatiḥ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: nṛpati
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• svāptān: trusted/faithful (ones)
• svāptān: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: svāpta
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• vā: or
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā

• puruṣān: men/persons
• puruṣān: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: puruṣa
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• hitān: well-disposed/beneficial (to him)
• hitān: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: hita
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• nṛpati (king)
• amātya (ministers/officials)
• ākara (mines)
• lavaṇa (salt-works)
• śulka (customs/tolls)
• tara (ferry/ghats)
• nāgabala (elephant corps)