Shloka 22
राजा-दैवतत्वम् — The King as a Stabilizing ‘Daivata’ (Divine Function) in Social Order
Devanagari script
मनुर॒ुवाच बिभेमि कर्मण: पापाद् राज्यं हि भृशदुस्तरम् । विशेषतो मनुष्येषु मिथ्यावृत्तेषु नित्यदा
Translation
Manu dit : «Ô Bhagavān, je crains grandement le péché né des actes mauvais. Gouverner un royaume est une tâche des plus difficiles ; et plus difficile encore est de régir des hommes qui, sans cesse, s’adonnent au mensonge et à la conduite dévoyée.»
Word by Word
मनुःManu
मनुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
बिभेमिI fear
बिभेमि:
TypeVerb
Rootभी
FormPresent, First, Singular, Parasmaipada
कर्मणःfrom (my) deed/action
कर्मणः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
पापात्from sin/evil
पापात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
राज्यम्kingship/rule
राज्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
भृशम्exceedingly
भृशम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभृशम्
दुस्तरम्hard to cross/very difficult
दुस्तरम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदुस्तर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विशेषतःespecially
विशेषतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविशेषतः
मनुष्येषुamong/in men
मनुष्येषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
मिथ्यावृत्तेषुof false conduct/behaving wrongly
मिथ्यावृत्तेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootमिथ्यावृत्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
नित्यदाalways/at all times
नित्यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्यदा
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes