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Shloka 15

राजा-दैवतत्वम् — The King as a Stabilizing ‘Daivata’ (Divine Function) in Social Order

अराजक देशमें पापी मनुष्य भी कभी कुशलपूर्वक नहीं रह सकते। एकका धन दो मिलकर उठा ले जाते हैं और उन दोनोंका धन दूसरे बहुसंख्यक लुटेरे लूट लेते हैं ।।

arājake deśe pāpī manuṣyā api kadācit kuśalapūrvakaṁ naiva vasanti | ekasya dhanaṁ dvābhyāṁ militvā hriyate, tayoś ca dhanaṁ anyaiḥ bahubhir luṇṭakaiḥ luṇṭhyate || adāsaḥ kriyate dāso hriyante ca balāt striyaḥ | etasmāt kāraṇād devāḥ prajā-pālān pracakrire ||

Bhīṣma dit : Dans un pays sans roi, même les méchants ne peuvent vivre en sécurité ni dans le bien-être. La richesse de l’un est emportée par deux complices, puis la richesse de ces deux-là est pillée par d’autres brigands, plus nombreux. Dans une telle absence de loi, celui qui n’est pas esclave est réduit en esclavage, et les femmes sont enlevées de force. C’est pourquoi les dieux instituèrent des rois, protecteurs du peuple, afin d’assurer la sûreté de la société et de maintenir l’ordre.

अदासःa non-slave (free man)
अदासः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअदास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्रियतेis made
क्रियते:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive
दासःa slave
दासः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ह्रियन्तेare carried off/abducted
ह्रियन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootहृ
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Atmanepada, Passive
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
बलात्by force
बलात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
स्त्रियःwomen
स्त्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
एतस्मात्from this
एतस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
कारणात्cause/reason
कारणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकारण
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रजापालान्protectors of the people (kings)
प्रजापालान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजापाल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
प्रचक्रिरेcreated/established
प्रचक्रिरे:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
D
devāḥ (the gods)
P
prajā (the people/subjects)
P
prajāpāla (protector-rulers/kings)
L
luṇṭakāḥ (robbers)
S
striyaḥ (women)
D
dāsa (slave)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma teaches that absence of legitimate rule leads to escalating insecurity—plunder, enslavement, and violence—so the institution of kingship (prajā-pālana) is justified as a dharmic necessity to protect society and restrain wrongdoing.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma explains to Yudhiṣṭhira the social consequences of anarchy and uses them to argue why rulers were instituted: to safeguard people, property, and vulnerable members of society.