Shloka 12
राजा-दैवतत्वम् — The King as a Stabilizing ‘Daivata’ (Divine Function) in Social Order
Devanagari script
तस्माद् राजैव कर्तव्य: सततं भूतिमिच्छता । न धनार्थो न दारार्थस्तेषां येघामराजकम्
Translation
Ainsi, celui qui souhaite une prospérité durable doit, pour la sauvegarde du pays, instituer sans cesse un roi. Dans une contrée sans roi, livrée à l’anarchie, il est impossible que les richesses et les femmes demeurent sous le droit de leurs propres maîtres.
Word by Word
तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
राजाa king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
कर्तव्यःto be made/should be appointed
कर्तव्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकर्तव्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सततम्always/constantly
सततम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसतत
भूतिम्prosperity/welfare
भूतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभूति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
इच्छताby one who desires
इच्छता:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootइच्छत्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
धनार्थःwealth-purpose/aim of wealth
धनार्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधनार्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नnor/not
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
दारार्थःwife-purpose/aim regarding wives
दारार्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदारार्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेषाम्of those
तेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
येwho/which (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
अमराजकम्kingless/without a king (anarchy)
अमराजकम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअमराजक
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes