Shloka 33

Āśrama-dharma: Duties of the Four Life-Stages (आश्रमधर्मः)

Devanagari script

यातयामानि देयानि शूद्राय परिचारिणे । तीनों वर्णोकी शूद्रका भरण-पोषण अवश्य करना चाहिये; क्योंकि वह भरण-पोषण करने योग्य कहा गया है। अपनी सेवामें रहनेवाले शूद्रको उपभोगमें लाये हुए छाते, पगड़ी, अनुलेपन, जूते और पंखे देने चाहिये || ३२ ई ।।

Transliteration

bhīṣma uvāca | yātayāmāni deyāni śūdrāya paricāriṇe | adhāryāṇi viśīrṇāni vasanāni dvijātibhiḥ |

Translation

Bhīṣma dit : «À un Śūdra qui sert dans la maison, on doit donner des objets déjà utilisés — des choses qu’il convient de transmettre. Les vêtements usés, qui ne conviennent plus aux “deux-fois-nés” (dvija), doivent être remis au Śūdra attaché au service».

Word by Word

• यातयामानि: used/second-hand (articles)
• यातयामानि: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यातयाम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• देयानि: to be given / should be given
• देयानि: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: देय (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त from √दा)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• शूद्राय: to the Śūdra
• शूद्राय: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शूद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Singular

• परिचारिणे: to the attendant/servant
• परिचारिणे: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: परिचारिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Singular

• अधार्याणि: unfit to be worn
• अधार्याणि: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अधार्य (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त from √धृ with negation)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• विशीर्णानि: torn/worn-out
• विशीर्णानि: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विशीर्ण (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त from √शॄ/शॄण् with vi-)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• वसनानि: garments/clothes
• वसनानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• द्विजातिभिः: by the twice-born (Brahmin/Kshatriya/Vaishya)
• द्विजातिभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विजाति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Plural

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• Shudra
• dvija (twice-born)
• garments/clothing

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A householder should provide for dependents and attendants; specifically, items no longer suitable for the twice-born—such as worn garments—should be given to the serving Śūdra as part of responsible maintenance and ethical household conduct.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhishma continues advising on social and household obligations, describing what kinds of goods may appropriately be given to a serving Śūdra—namely, previously used or worn items.