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Shloka 22

राजधर्मस्य नवनीतम्—रक्षा, दण्ड, चार, उत्थान

Rājadharma’s ‘Essence’: Protection, Punishment, Intelligence, and Royal Diligence

राज्यं सर्वामिषं नित्यमार्जवेनेह धार्यते | तस्मान्मिश्रेण सततं वर्तितव्यं युधिष्ठिर

bhīṣma uvāca | rājyaṃ sarvāmīṣaṃ nityam ārjavenaiha dhāryate | tasmān miśreṇa satataṃ vartitavyaṃ yudhiṣṭhira |

Bhīṣma dit : « La royauté est sans cesse un objet de désir et de jouissance pour tous ; en ce monde, elle ne se maintient que par une droiture simple et une intégrité sans détour. C’est pourquoi, ô Yudhiṣṭhira, un roi doit toujours se conduire avec un juste mélange : allier la fermeté et la sévérité à la douceur et à la compassion. »

राज्यम्kingdom, sovereignty
राज्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सर्वम्entire, all
सर्वम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
आमिषम्object of enjoyment; bait/temptation
आमिषम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआमिष
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
नित्यम्always, constantly
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
आर्जवेनby straightforwardness, by honesty
आर्जवेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआर्जव
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
इहhere (in this world/context)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
धार्यतेis maintained/borne/managed
धार्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootधृ
FormLat, Atmanepada, Passive, Third, Singular
तस्मात्therefore, from that reason
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद्
मिश्रेणby a mixture, in a mixed manner
मिश्रेण:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootमिश्र
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
सततम्continually, always
सततम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसतत
वर्तितव्यम्should be conducted/behaved
वर्तितव्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormGerundive (तव्यत्), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिर:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhiṣṭhira (repeated for emphasis)
युधिष्ठिर:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
R
rājya (kingship/kingdom)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that sovereignty is universally coveted and thus fragile; it is best sustained through ārjava (straightforward integrity). Yet effective rule requires a balanced, mixed policy—firmness to restrain wrongdoing and gentleness to protect and nurture subjects.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhishma, lying on the bed of arrows, counsels King Yudhishthira on how to preserve and administer the kingdom: rule with honest rectitude, while blending severity and compassion as circumstances demand.