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Shloka 18

राजधर्मस्य नवनीतम्—रक्षा, दण्ड, चार, उत्थान

Rājadharma’s ‘Essence’: Protection, Punishment, Intelligence, and Royal Diligence

एकाड्लरेनापि सम्भूत: शत्रुर्दुर्गमुपाश्रित: । सर्व तापयते देशमपि राज्ञ: समृद्धिन:

ekāḍhvareṇāpi sambhūtaḥ śatrur durgam upāśritaḥ | sarvaṃ tāpayate deśam api rājñaḥ samṛddhinaḥ ||

Bhīṣma dit : Même une petite force ennemie, dès qu’elle s’est levée et a pris refuge dans une forteresse, peut brûler tout un royaume, fût-il celui d’un roi prospère. L’avertissement moral est que la négligence en matière de sécurité et de gouvernement laisse de faibles menaces devenir une souffrance générale pour le peuple et l’État.

एकby one (single)
एक:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अङ्गुलेनby a finger-breadth (a very small measure)
अङ्गुलेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअङ्गुलि
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
सम्भूतःarisen/come into being
सम्भूतः:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + भू
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
शत्रुःenemy
शत्रुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दुर्गम्fort/stronghold
दुर्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्ग
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उपाश्रितःhaving taken refuge in/resorted to
उपाश्रितः:
TypeVerb
Rootउप + आ + श्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
सर्वम्entire/whole
सर्वम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तापयतेhe torments/afflicts
तापयते:
TypeVerb
Rootतप् (causative: तापय-)
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
देशम्country/realm
देशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपिeven
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
समृद्धिनःof prosperity/abundance
समृद्धिनः:
TypeNoun
Rootसमृद्धि
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Ś
śatru (enemy)
D
durga (fortress)
R
rājā (king)
D
deśa (realm)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must not underestimate small threats: when an enemy gains a secure base (a fortress), even a minor force can inflict widespread harm. Vigilance, timely action, and protection of the realm are essential duties of kingship.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma warns about political-military realities: an enemy entrenched in a stronghold can harass and distress the entire country, even under a wealthy and powerful king.