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Shloka 47

Prāyaścitta and Contextual Non-Culpability (प्रायश्चित्त-निमित्त-अदोषवाद)

नास्तिकाश्रद्दधानेषु पुरुषेषु कदाचन । दम्भद्वेषप्रधानेषु विधिरेष न दृश्यते,जिनमें दम्भ और द्वेषकी प्रधानता है, उन नास्तिक और श्रद्धाहीन पुरुषोंके लिये कभी ऐसे प्रायक्षित्तका विधान नहीं देखा जाता है

nāstikāśraddadhāneṣu puruṣeṣu kadācana | dambhadveṣapradhāneṣu vidhireṣa na dṛśyate ||

Vyāsa dit : Pour les hommes athées et dépourvus de foi—surtout ceux chez qui dominent l’hypocrisie et la haine—on ne voit jamais une telle règle : aucune expiation prescrite ne s’applique véritablement à eux. Car l’expiation n’a de sens que là où existent la sincérité, l’ouverture du cœur et la volonté de se réformer ; là où règnent l’hostilité intérieure et la feinte, le remède rituel ne peut prendre.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आस्तिकin believers (theistic persons)
आस्तिक:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootआस्तिक
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
अश्रद्दधानin the faithless / not having faith
अश्रद्दधान:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअश्रद्दधान
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
पुरुषin men/persons
पुरुष:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
कदाचनever; at any time
कदाचन:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदाचन
दम्भin hypocrisy/ostentation
दम्भ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदम्भ
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
द्वेषin hatred
द्वेष:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootद्वेष
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
प्रधानpredominant; chiefly given to
प्रधान:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रधान
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
विधिinjunction; rule; ordinance
विधि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविधि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एषthis
एष:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दृश्यतेis seen; is found
दृश्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive (karmani)

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

Expiation (prāyaścitta) is not merely a ritual mechanism; it presupposes faith, honesty, and a genuine intention to reform. Where atheism, lack of faith, hypocrisy, and hatred dominate, the tradition does not recognize an effective ordinance of atonement, because the inner condition required for moral repair is absent.

In the Śānti Parva’s dharma-discourse, Vyāsa states a limiting principle about prāyaścitta: certain dispositions—especially disbelief, faithlessness, hypocrisy, and malice—make a person unfit for the intended transformative function of expiatory rules.