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Shloka 16

Adhyāya 33 — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Post-Conflict Remorse and Inquiry on Āśrama Discipline (शोक-विमर्शः, आश्रम-जिज्ञासा)

न त्वं हन्‍ता न भीमो<यं नार्जुनो न यमावपि । काल: पर्यायधर्मेण प्राणानादत्त देहिनाम्‌,न तुम, न भीमसेन, न अर्जुन और न नकुल-सहदेव ही उनका वध करनेवाले हैं। कालने बारी-बारीसे आकर अपने नियमके अनुसार उन सभी देहधारियोंके प्राण लिये हैं

na tvaṁ hantā na bhīmo ’yaṁ nārjuno na yamāv api | kālaḥ paryāyadharmeṇa prāṇān ādatta dehinām ||

Vyāsa dit : «Ce n’est pas toi le meurtrier, ni ce Bhīma, ni Arjuna, ni même les jumeaux fils de Mādrī. C’est le Temps, Kāla, avançant selon l’ordre qui lui est assigné, qui retire le souffle vital aux êtres incarnés. Ne charge donc pas des hommes d’une faute comme s’ils en étaient la cause ultime : le destin, se déployant par le Temps, régit le départ des vies.»

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
हन्ताkiller/slayer
हन्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहन्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
nor/not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भीमःBhima
भीमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अयम्this (one)
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
nor/not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अर्जुनःArjuna
अर्जुनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
nor/not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यमौthe twins (Nakula and Sahadeva)
यमौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
कालःTime (Death)
कालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पर्याय-धर्मेणby the law of succession/in due course
पर्याय-धर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपर्यायधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
प्राणान्life-breaths/lives
प्राणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
आदत्तेtakes away
आदत्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootआ + दा
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
देहिनाम्of embodied beings
देहिनाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदेहिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
B
Bhīma (Bhīmasena)
A
Arjuna
N
Nakula
S
Sahadeva
K
Kāla (Time)

Educational Q&A

The verse shifts ultimate causality from individual warriors to Kāla (Time): lives end according to an impersonal cosmic order. Ethically, it counsels restraint in self-blame and hatred, urging a dharmic understanding that personal agency operates within a larger law of time and destiny.

Vyāsa addresses a listener burdened by the idea of having ‘killed’ others (in the war context). He clarifies that neither the addressed person nor Bhīma, Arjuna, or the twins are the ultimate slayers; rather, Time, arriving in due sequence, takes the life-breath of embodied beings.