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Shloka 12

राजधर्मः, दण्डनीतिः, कर्तृत्व-विचारः च

Royal Duty, Lawful Discipline, and the Question of Agency

व्यास उवाच ईश्वरो वा भवेत्‌ कर्ता पुरुषो वापि भारत । हठो वा वर्तते लोके कर्मजं वा फलं स्मृतम्‌

vyāsa uvāca | īśvaro vā bhavet kartā puruṣo vāpi bhārata | haṭho vā vartate loke karmajāṃ vā phalaṃ smṛtam ||

Vyāsa dit : «Ô Bhārata, en ce monde, l’agent d’un acte peut être compris de quatre manières : soit le Seigneur est l’auteur, soit l’homme est l’auteur ; ou bien c’est l’élan obstiné qui agit ; ou encore le résultat est tenu pour issu du karma propre. Ainsi, lorsque des hommes sont tués, la responsabilité peut être pesée entre la conduite divine, le choix humain, l’entêtement irréfléchi et la maturation des actes passés.»

व्यासःVyasa
व्यासः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्यास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
ईश्वरःthe Lord (God)
ईश्वरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootईश्वर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
भवेत्might be / could be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कर्ताdoer, agent
कर्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषःa man, person
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
भारतO Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
हठःobstinacy, rash insistence
हठः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
वर्ततेexists, prevails, operates
वर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कर्मजम्born of action (karman)
कर्मजम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootकर्मज
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
फलम्fruit, result
फलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootफल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
स्मृतम्is considered/remembered (as)
स्मृतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
B
Bhārata (addressee, Bharata-line prince)

Educational Q&A

Vyāsa frames moral causality as a fourfold inquiry: divine governance (īśvara), human agency (puruṣa), impulsive obstinacy (haṭha), and karmic fruition (karmajā phala). The verse invites careful ethical analysis rather than a single, simplistic attribution of blame.

In Śānti Parva’s reflective discourse after the war, Vyāsa addresses a Bharata prince and sets up possible explanations for responsibility in acts like killing—preparing the ground for a deeper discussion on dharma, culpability, and the workings of karma.