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Shloka 13

ब्रह्मघोष-प्रवर्तनम्, अनध्याय-नियमः, वायु-मार्ग-वर्णनम्

Restoring Vedic Recitation, the Anadhyaya Rule, and the Taxonomy of Winds

पुरुष प्रकृतिसे भिन्न और नित्य है तथा अव्यक्त (प्रकृति) पुरुषसे भिन्न एवं अनित्य है। जैसे सींकसे मूँज अलग होती है, उसी प्रकार प्रकृति भी पुरुषसे पृथक्‌ है ।।

puruṣaḥ prakṛteḥ bhinnaḥ nityaś ca; avyaktā (prakṛtiḥ) api puruṣāt bhinnā anityā ca. yathā śīṅkāt muñjaḥ pṛthak, tathā prakṛtir api puruṣāt pṛthak. anyac ca maśakaṃ vidyāt anyac codumbaraṃ tathā; na codumbarasaṃyogaiḥ maśakas tatra lipyate. tathā matsyaḥ anyo dravyaṃ, jalaṃ cānyat; jalasparśena matsyo na kadācana lipyate.

Yājñavalkya dit : «Le Puruṣa (le Soi conscient) est distinct de la Prakṛti et il est éternel ; et l’Inmanifesté (Prakṛti) aussi est distinct du Puruṣa et n’est pas éternel. Comme l’herbe muñja peut être séparée de sa tige, ainsi la Prakṛti est séparée du Puruṣa. Sache encore qu’un moucheron est une chose et l’udumbara (figuier à grappes) une autre ; même lorsqu’on les trouve ensemble, le moucheron n’est pas souillé par la figue par simple voisinage. De même, le poisson est une chose et l’eau une autre ; au contact de l’eau, le poisson n’est jamais taché. Ainsi, la seule proximité ou le seul contact ne rendent pas le Soi réellement lié ni souillé par la nature matérielle.»

अन्यत्other, distinct
अन्यत्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मशकम्gnat/insect
मशकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमशक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विद्यात्one should know
विद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अन्यत्other, distinct
अन्यत्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उदुम्बरम्udumbara/cluster fig (tree/fruit)
उदुम्बरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउदुम्बर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तथाlikewise, similarly
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उदुम्बर-संयोगैःby/through contacts with the udumbara (fig)
उदुम्बर-संयोगैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootउदुम्बर-संयोग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
मशकःthe gnat/insect
मशकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमशक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्रthere, in that (fig)
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
लिप्यतेis smeared/tainted, gets attached
लिप्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootलिप्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada (passive sense)

याज़्वल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya
P
Puruṣa
P
Prakṛti
A
Avyakta
M
muñja (grass)
Ś
śīṅka (stalk/reed)
M
maśaka (gnat/mosquito)
U
udumbara (cluster-fig)
M
matsya (fish)
J
jala (water)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches viveka (discriminative knowledge): the conscious Self (Puruṣa) is essentially distinct from material nature (Prakṛti/Avyakta). Because bondage is only due to association (saṃyoga) and misidentification, the Self is not truly tainted by the body-mind or by contact with the world—just as a gnat is not ‘smeared’ by the fig it inhabits, and a fish is not stained by water.

In the Śānti Parva’s mokṣa-oriented instruction, the sage Yājñavalkya is expounding metaphysical doctrine to clarify how liberation is possible. He uses everyday similes (muñja from its stalk; gnat and udumbara; fish and water) to show that proximity does not imply identity, reinforcing detachment and the understanding that the Self remains untouched.