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Shloka 36

अव्यक्त–पुरुष–विवेकः (Discrimination of Avyakta/Prakṛti and Puruṣa) — Yājñavalkya’s Anvīkṣikī to Viśvāvasu

अर्थतत्त्वके ज्ञाता पुरुषको यह जानना चाहिये कि प्रलयकालमें प्रकृतिमें भी एकता और सृष्टिकालमें अनेकता रहती है। इसी प्रकार पुरुष भी प्रलयकालमें एक ही रहता है; किंतु सृष्टिकालमें प्रकृतिका प्रेरक होनेके कारण उसमें नानात्वका आरोप हो जाता है ।।

arthatattvake jñātā puruṣako yaḥ jñātum icchati sa jñātavyam—pralayakāle prakṛtau api ekatā, sṛṣṭikāle ca anekatā vartate. evam eva puruṣaḥ pralayakāle eka eva; kintu sṛṣṭikāle prakṛteḥ prerakatvāt tasmin nānātvasyāropaḥ bhavati. bahudhā ātmā prakurvīta prakṛtiṃ prasavātmikām; tac ca kṣetraṃ mahān ātmā pañcaviṃśo ’dhi tiṣṭhati.

Vasiṣṭha dit : Celui qui connaît la vérité du réel doit comprendre ceci : au temps de la dissolution, même la Prakṛti demeure dans l’unité, tandis qu’au temps de la création elle apparaît comme multiplicité. De même, le Puruṣa reste un durant la dissolution; mais durant la création, parce qu’il met Prakṛti en mouvement, la diversité se trouve comme surimposée sur lui. Le Soi, pour ainsi dire, déploie la Prakṛti dont la nature est d’enfanter. Ce champ—Prakṛti avec ses transformations—est appelé kṣetra; et dans ce champ le Grand Soi, le vingt-cinquième principe distinct des vingt-quatre, demeure comme témoin présidant.

बहुधाin many ways; repeatedly
बहुधा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootबहुधा
आत्माthe Self
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रकुर्वीतshould make; should effect
प्रकुर्वीत:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormVidhi-ling (optative), Present-system, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्रकृतिम्Prakriti; nature
प्रकृतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
प्रसवात्मिकाम्having creation/production as its nature
प्रसवात्मिकाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रसवात्मिका
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
क्षेत्रेin the field (body/nature as field)
क्षेत्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षेत्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
महानात्माthe great self
महानात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहानात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पञ्चविंशःthe twenty-fifth
पञ्चविंशः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्चविंश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अधितिष्ठतिpresides over; dwells upon
अधितिष्ठति:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (अधि-स्था)
FormLat (present indicative), Present, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha
P
Puruṣa
P
Prakṛti
M
Mahān Ātmā (the twenty-fifth tattva)
K
Kṣetra

Educational Q&A

Unity and multiplicity belong to the phases of manifestation: in dissolution, Prakṛti is undifferentiated and Puruṣa is one; in creation, Prakṛti unfolds into many forms, and diversity is only superimposed on the one Puruṣa because he is regarded as the impeller/presiding witness of Prakṛti.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on liberation-oriented philosophy, Vasiṣṭha explains a Sāṅkhya-style distinction between Prakṛti (the field and its evolutes) and the Puruṣa/mahān ātmā (the twenty-fifth principle) who abides in that field as overseer, clarifying how apparent plurality arises during creation.