Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 34

मोक्षोपाय-निर्णयः

Determination of the Means to Liberation

“त्रेतायुग आनेपर धर्मका प्रचार एक चौथाई कम हो जाता है, द्वापरमें धर्मके दो ही पैर रह जाते हैं; परंतु कलियुगमें तो धर्मका चतुर्थ भाग ही शेष रह जाता है ।।

tretāyuge ānepare dharmasya pracāraḥ pādonaḥ bhavati; dvāpare dharmasya dvau eva pādau tiṣṭhataḥ; kaliyuge tu dharmasya caturtha-bhāga-mātraḥ śiṣyate. tathā kaliyuge prāpte rājño duścaritena ca kāla-viśeṣasya prabhāvena ca dharmasya ṣoḍaśī kalā-mātrā śeṣā bhaviṣyati.

Humatsena dit : « Dans l’âge de Tretā, la diffusion et la vigueur du dharma diminuent d’un quart ; dans l’âge de Dvāpara, il ne reste au dharma que deux “pieds” ; mais dans l’âge de Kali, il n’en subsiste plus qu’un quart. Et lorsque l’âge de Kali advient, par la conduite corrompue du roi et par la force particulière de ce temps lui-même, du dharma tout entier il ne restera qu’un seizième. » L’enseignement est que l’ordre moral décline non seulement selon les penchants d’un âge, mais aussi parce que les fautes des souverains en hâtent et en aggravent la chute.

तथाthus/and then
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
कलियुगेin the Kali age
कलियुगे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकलियुग
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
प्राप्तेwhen (it) has arrived/come
प्राप्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-आप्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
दुश्चरितेनby evil conduct/misdeeds
दुश्चरितेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदुश्चरित
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
indeed/for emphasis
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भवेत्would be/comes to be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कालविशेषेणby the particular time/period
कालविशेषेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकालविशेष
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
कलाa part/fraction (a 'kalā')
कला:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकला
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मस्यof dharma/righteousness
धर्मस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
षोडशीsixteenth (i.e., 1/16th)
षोडशी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootषोडश
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

हुमत्सेन उवाच

H
Humat­sena
T
Tretāyuga
D
Dvāparayuga
K
Kaliyuga
T
the king (rājā)

Educational Q&A

Dharma progressively weakens across the yugas, and in Kali it becomes extremely small; this decline is driven both by the inherent influence of the age (kāla) and by the ruler’s immoral conduct, implying that ethical leadership can either preserve or hasten the collapse of social righteousness.

Humat­sena is explaining a doctrinal account of yuga-based moral degeneration, using the metaphor of dharma’s ‘legs’ and fractional portions, and emphasizing that when Kali arrives, the king’s misrule together with the time’s power leaves only a tiny remnant of dharma.