Shloka 14
Dharma-Pramāṇa-Vicāra: The Elusiveness of Dharma and the Limits of Rule-Lists
पृथग्भूतेषु सृष्टेषु चतुर्थाश्रमकर्मसु । समाधौ योगमेवैतच्छाण्डिल्य: शममब्रवीत्
pṛthagbhūteṣu sṛṣṭeṣu caturthāśramakarmasu | samādhau yogam evaitac chāṇḍilyaḥ śamam abravīt |
Vyāsa dit : «Lorsque les êtres ont été créés comme distincts et que les devoirs du quatrième état de vie (renoncement) ont été exposés, ce que j’ai décrit au sujet du samādhi est précisément cela : le yoga lui-même, que le sage Śāṇḍilya, dans l’enseignement des Upaniṣad, a nommé “śama” (quiétude intérieure).»
व्यास उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse equates the meditative culmination (samādhi) taught as yoga with the Upaniṣadic virtue called śama—inner calm and mental restraint—showing that renunciant discipline is fundamentally an inward practice of stilling the mind.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and liberation, Vyāsa clarifies terminology: the same inner practice he has explained under samādhi/yoga is referred to by the sage Śāṇḍilya as śama, linking Mahābhārata teaching with Upaniṣadic discourse.