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Shloka 5

धर्मलक्षण-प्रश्नः (Marks and Sources of Dharma) | Chapter 251: Inquiry into the Definition of Dharma

ताप: पाक: प्रकाशश्न ज्योतिश्नक्षुश्न॒ पजचमम्‌ । तस्य रूपं गुणं विद्यात्‌ ताम्रगौरासितात्मकम्‌

tāpaḥ pākaḥ prakāśaś ca jyotiś cakṣuś ca pañcamam | tasya rūpaṃ guṇaṃ vidyāt tāmra-gaurāsitātmakam ||

Vyāsa explique que la chaleur, la cuisson (maturation), l’illumination, la radiance et la faculté de voir sont autant d’effets de tejas, le principe du feu. Il faut comprendre que sa forme perceptible et sa qualité apparaissent sous des teintes telles que le cuivré, le clair/lumineux et le sombre. L’enseignement éthique est de discerner la cause et l’effet : reconnaître comment un élément subtil se manifeste par des fonctions et des qualités observables, sans prendre les apparences pour la réalité tout entière.

तापःheat
तापः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootताप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पाकःcooking, ripening
पाकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रकाशःlight, illumination
प्रकाशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकाश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ज्योतिःradiance, flame
ज्योतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्योतिस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
चक्षुःeye; visual faculty
चक्षुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचक्षुस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पञ्चमम्the fifth
पञ्चमम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्चम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तस्यof that (of it)
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
रूपम्form, appearance
रूपम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरूप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
गुणम्quality, attribute
गुणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विद्यात्should know, should understand
विद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
ताम्र-गौर-असित-आत्मकम्having the nature of coppery, fair, and dark (colors)
ताम्र-गौर-असित-आत्मकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआत्मक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyasa
T
Tejas (fire principle)
A
Agni-tattva
C
Cakshus (faculty of sight)

Educational Q&A

Tejas (the fire principle) is known by its functions—heat, transformation/cooking, illumination, radiance, and enabling sight—and by its visible qualities such as coppery, bright, or dark coloration; thus one should infer subtle causes from observable effects.

In the Shanti Parva’s philosophical instruction, Vyasa is enumerating the characteristics of a fundamental element (tejas/agni), describing how it manifests in the world and in the senses, as part of a broader teaching on tattvas and discernment.