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Shloka 24

राजधर्मः—राष्ट्ररक्षणं, दण्डनीतिः, हयग्रीवोपाख्यानम्

Royal Duty: Protection, Penal Policy, and the Hayagrīva Exemplum

इस प्रकार श्रीमह्ाभारत शान्तिपर्वके अन्तर्गत राजधर्मानुशासनपर्वमें व्यासवाक्यविषयक चौबीसवाँ अध्याय पूरा हुआ,सुखमेव हि दुःखान्तं कदाचिद्‌ दुःखत: सुखम्‌ | तस्मादेतद्‌ द्ववं जह्माद्‌ य इच्छेच्छाश्वतं सुखम्‌

sukham eva hi duḥkhāntaṃ kadācid duḥkhataḥ sukham | tasmād etad dvandvaṃ jahyād ya icchec chāśvataṃ sukham ||

Ainsi, dans le «Mahābhārata», au sein du «Śānti Parva», dans la section d’instruction sur les devoirs des rois («Rājadharmānuśāsana Parva»), s’achève le vingt-quatrième chapitre portant sur la parole de Vyāsa. Le bonheur, en vérité, se termine parfois en peine, et parfois le bonheur naît de la peine. C’est pourquoi celui qui recherche un bien-être durable doit abandonner cette paire d’opposés (plaisir et douleur) et demeurer inébranlable au milieu des deux.

सुखम्happiness
सुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
हिfor/indeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
दुःखान्तम्ending in sorrow; sorrowful end
दुःखान्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुःखान्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कदाचित्sometimes
कदाचित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदाचित्
दुःखतःfrom sorrow
दुःखतः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
सुखम्happiness
सुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात्
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
द्वन्द्वम्pair of opposites; duality
द्वन्द्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्वन्द्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
जह्यात्should abandon
जह्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootहा (जहाति)
FormVidhi-ling (Optative), Present-system, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इच्छेत्would desire/should wish
इच्छेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootइष् (इच्छति)
FormVidhi-ling (Optative), Present-system, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
शाश्वतम्eternal/perpetual
शाश्वतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootशाश्वत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सुखम्happiness
सुखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana

Educational Q&A

Pleasure and pain are unstable and can transform into each other; therefore, the seeker of lasting good should relinquish attachment to these dualities and cultivate steadiness (equanimity).

Vaiśampāyana concludes a section within the Śānti Parva’s Rājadharmānuśāsana material, summarizing the ethical point that a ruler or aspirant should not be swayed by alternating happiness and sorrow.