Shloka 13
Adhyātma-krama: Indriya–Manas–Buddhi–Ātman Hierarchy and Citta-Prasāda (आध्यात्मक्रमः)
क्षत्रिय आलम्भ- यज्ञ करनेवाले होते हैं, वैश्य हविष्यप्रधान यज्ञ करनेवाले माने गये हैं, शूद्र सेवारूप यज्ञ करनेवाले और ब्राह्मण जपयज्ञ करनेवाले होते हैं ।।
kṣatriyā ālambha-yajña-kāriṇaḥ bhavanti, vaiśyā haviṣya-pradhāna-yajña-kāriṇaḥ manyante; śūdrāḥ sevā-rūpa-yajña-kāriṇaḥ, brāhmaṇāḥ japa-yajña-kāriṇaḥ bhavanti. pariniṣṭhita-kāryo hi svādhyāyena dvijo bhavet. kuryād anyan na vā kuryān, maitraḥ brāhmaṇa ucyate.
Vyāsa dit : Les Kṣatriya sont ceux dont le sacrifice s’exprime par des actes décisifs et le port des armes ; les Vaiśya sont tenus pour accomplir des sacrifices où dominent les oblats et les offrandes matérielles ; les Śūdra accomplissent le sacrifice sous la forme du service ; et les Brāhmaṇa accomplissent le sacrifice par la récitation et la discipline intérieure (japa). Car un deux-fois-né devient celui qui a rempli sa tâche propre par le seul auto-apprentissage des Veda (svādhyāya). Qu’il entreprenne d’autres œuvres ou non, on l’appelle Brāhmaṇa parce qu’il demeure dans l’amitié et la bienveillance envers tous les êtres vivants.
व्यास उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse reframes ‘sacrifice’ (yajña) as varṇa-appropriate discipline: action and protection for Kṣatriyas, offering-based ritual and livelihood for Vaiśyas, service for Śūdras, and mantra-recitation with Vedic self-study for Brāhmaṇas. It further defines a true Brāhmaṇa not merely by activity but by completion through svādhyāya and by universal friendliness (maitrī) toward all beings.
In Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma after the war, Vyāsa speaks in a didactic mode, classifying the ‘yajña’ appropriate to each social duty and emphasizing that for a Brāhmaṇa, Vedic self-study and benevolence are sufficient markers of fulfilled duty, regardless of additional occupations.