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Shloka 12

जनक-राज्ञः मौण्ड्य-परिव्रज्या-विवादः

Janaka’s Renunciation Questioned; Discourse on Dāna and Detachment

तीनों वेदोंके ज्ञानमें बढ़े-चढ़े सहसरों ब्राह्मणों तथा इस सम्पूर्ण जगत्‌का भरण-पोषण करनेवाले होकर भी आज आप उन्हींके द्वारा अपना भरण-पोषण चाहते हैं ।।

śriyaṃ hitvā pradīptāṃ tvaṃ śvavat samprati vīkṣyase | aputrā jananī te ’dya kausalyā cāpatistvayā ||

Arjuna dit : «En renonçant à ta fortune royale flamboyante, te voilà qui parais tel un chien errant de porte en porte. Alors même que tu vis encore, ta mère est devenue, pour ainsi dire, sans fils, et cette malheureuse Kausalyā est devenue sans époux à cause de toi.» Ce propos condamne l’abandon d’une royauté légitime lorsqu’il entraîne la négligence des dépendants et l’effondrement des devoirs familiaux et sociaux.

श्रियम्fortune, royal prosperity
श्रियम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्री
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
हित्वाhaving abandoned
हित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootहा (जहाति)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), prior action
प्रदीप्ताम्blazing, radiant
प्रदीप्ताम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रदीप्त (from प्र+दीप्)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
श्ववत्like a dog
श्ववत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootश्वन् + वत्
Formcomparative adverb
सम्प्रतिnow, at present
सम्प्रति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्प्रति
Formadverb
वीक्ष्यसेyou are seen / you appear
वीक्ष्यसे:
TypeVerb
Rootवीक्ष् (वि+ईक्ष्)
FormLat (Present), Atmanepada, Second, Singular, Passive/medio-passive sense (you are seen/appear)
अपुत्राsonless
अपुत्रा:
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-पुत्र
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
जननीmother
जननी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजननी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तेof you / your
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
अद्यtoday, now
अद्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
Formadverb
कौसल्याKausalyā
कौसल्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकौसल्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formconjunction
अपतिःhusbandless
अपतिः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-पति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Instrumental, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
K
Kausalyā
A
Arjuna's mother
Ś
Śrī (royal fortune/sovereignty)

Educational Q&A

Renunciation is not praised when it causes abandonment of rightful obligations; a ruler’s prosperity and position are to be upheld insofar as they sustain dependents and protect social and familial dharma.

Arjuna rebukes a royal figure for giving up kingship and living in a degraded, dependent state, arguing that this choice effectively leaves the mother ‘sonless’ and Kausalyā ‘husbandless’ despite the person still being alive.