Shloka 3
Gautama’s Flight, the Enchanted Grove, and the Arrival of Rājadharma
Nāḍījaṅgha
Devanagari script
भीष्म उवाच चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य धर्माणां संकरो न प्रशस्यस्ते । अविकारितमं सत्यं सर्ववर्णेषु भारत
Translation
Bhīṣma dit : «Ô descendant de Bharata, il n’est pas louable que les devoirs des quatre varṇa se mêlent les uns aux autres. Mais la vérité, immuable, demeure établie dans tous les varṇa.»
Word by Word
भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्यof the fourfold varna-system
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootचातुर्वर्ण्य
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
धर्माणाम्of duties/laws
धर्माणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
संकरःmixing, intermixture
संकरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंकर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
प्रशस्यःpraiseworthy, commendable
प्रशस्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रशस्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेto you (for you)
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormSecond, Dative, Singular
अविकारितमम्most unchanging, most unmodified
अविकारितमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअविकारितम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सत्यम्truth
सत्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सर्ववर्णेषुin all varnas
सर्ववर्णेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्ववर्ण
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes