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Shloka 13

Adhyāya 159 — Dāna–Dakṣiṇā, Āpaddharma Measures, and Prāyaścitta Classifications

न प्रहृष्पति यो लाभै: कामैर्यश्न न तृप्पति

na prahṛṣyati yo lābhaiḥ kāmair yaś ca na tṛpyati | lobhī manuṣyaḥ bahu-sā lābhaṃ prāpya api na saṃtuṣyati | bhogaiḥ sa kadācid api na tṛpyati | nareśvara! na devatābhiḥ, na gandharvaiḥ, na asuraiḥ, na mahā-nāgaiḥ, na ca samastaiḥ bhūta-gaṇaiḥ lobhasya svarūpaṃ yathārtha-rūpeṇa jñāyate ||

Bhīṣma dit : « Celui qui ne se réjouit pas lorsque les gains surviennent et qui n’est jamais rassasié par les objets désirés — un tel homme avide demeure insatisfait même après avoir obtenu d’abondants profits. Il n’est jamais véritablement comblé par les plaisirs. Ô roi des hommes, la nature réelle de l’avidité n’est pas pleinement connue telle qu’elle est : ni par les dieux, ni par les Gandharva, ni par les Asura, ni par les grands Nāga, ni même par toutes les classes d’êtres. »

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्रहृष्यतिrejoices
प्रहृष्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + हृष्
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
लाभैःby/with gains
लाभैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootलाभ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
कामैःby/with desires (objects of desire)
कामैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तृप्यतिis satisfied
तृप्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootतृप्
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
N
Nareśvara (the king; Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)
D
Devatāḥ (gods)
G
Gandharvāḥ
A
Asurāḥ
M
Mahā-nāgāḥ
B
Bhūta-gaṇāḥ (hosts of beings)
L
Lobha (greed)

Educational Q&A

Greed is intrinsically insatiable: even abundant gain and repeated enjoyment do not produce contentment. Therefore, ethical life and inner peace require restraint of desire and cultivation of satisfaction (saṃtoṣa), rather than chasing ever-increasing acquisition.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction to the king (Yudhiṣṭhira), Bhishma continues his discourse on dharma and right conduct. Here he warns the ruler about the psychological and moral danger of lobha, emphasizing that its true nature is subtle and difficult to grasp—even for exalted classes of beings—so a king must be especially vigilant.