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Shloka 21

Kośa, Bala, and Maryādā: Treasury, Capacity, and Enforceable Limits (कोश-बल-मर्यादा)

यथा वै ब्राह्मण: सीदन्नयाज्यमपि याजयेत्‌ । अभोज्यान्नानि चाश्रीयात्‌ तथेदं नात्र संशय:

yathā vai brāhmaṇaḥ sīdann ayājyam api yājayet | abhojyānnāni cāśrīyāt tathā idaṃ nātra saṃśayaḥ ||

Bhīṣma dit : «De même qu’un brāhmaṇa, lorsqu’il sombre dans la détresse faute de moyens d’existence, peut même officier un sacrifice pour quelqu’un qui, d’ordinaire, n’est pas apte à le commanditer, et peut même recourir à des aliments normalement interdits afin de préserver sa vie—de même faut-il comprendre le devoir prescrit au vers précédent pour un kṣatriya. Il n’y a aucun doute.»

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सीदन्being in distress / suffering
सीदन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसद्
FormPresent active participle (Parasmaipada), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
अयाज्यम्one who is not fit to be sacrificed for / not eligible (to have a sacrifice performed)
अयाज्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअयाज्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपिeven
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
याजयेत्should cause to perform a sacrifice / should officiate a sacrifice for
याजयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootयज्
FormVidhi-linga (optative), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
अभोज्यान्नानिinedible foods / foods not fit to be eaten
अभोज्यान्नानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअभोज्य-अन्न
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आश्रीयात्should resort to / should take (for support)
आश्रीयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रि
FormVidhi-linga (optative), Atmanepada, Third, Singular
तथाso / likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अत्रhere / in this matter
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
brāhmaṇa
K
kṣatriya
Y
yajña (sacrifice)

Educational Q&A

In extreme hardship (āpaddharma), preserving life and sustaining one’s role may justify limited exceptions to normal rules—such as a brāhmaṇa officiating for an ordinarily ineligible patron or eating normally forbidden food—paralleling emergency duties prescribed for a kṣatriya.

Bhīṣma, instructing on dharma in the Śānti Parva, clarifies that the previous instruction about a kṣatriya’s conduct in crisis should be accepted without doubt, using the brāhmaṇa’s emergency allowances as an analogy.