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Shloka 49

Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद

ईश्वरने यत्नपूर्वक धर्मरक्षाके लिये क्षत्रियके हाथमें उसके समान जातिवाला दण्ड समर्पित किया है; इसलिये दण्ड ही इस सनातन व्यवहारका कारण है ।।

bhīṣma uvāca | īśvareṇa yatnapūrvakaṁ dharmarakṣāyai kṣatriyasya haste tasya samānajātīyo daṇḍaḥ samarpitaḥ; tasmād daṇḍa eva asya sanātanavyavahārasya kāraṇam || rājñāṁ pūjyatamo nānyo yathā dharmaḥ pradarśitaḥ | brahmaṇā lokarakṣārthaṁ svadharmasthāpanāya ca ||

Bhīṣma dit : Le Seigneur, avec un soin délibéré pour la protection du dharma, a placé dans la main du kṣatriya le bâton du châtiment—le daṇḍa—de sa propre nature et conforme à son rang. Ainsi, le châtiment, ce pouvoir de contenir et de corriger, devient la cause même de l’ordre immémorial de la conduite sociale. Pour les rois, il n’est pas de devoir plus digne de vénération que celui-ci : le dharma que Brahmā a montré pour la sauvegarde du monde et pour établir chaque être dans son devoir propre—à savoir l’exercice juste du daṇḍa.

राज्ञाम्of kings
राज्ञाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
पूज्यतमःmost worthy of worship
पूज्यतमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपूज्यतम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्यःanother (one)
अन्यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यथाas / just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
धर्मःdharma; law; righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रदर्शितःshown; taught; set forth
प्रदर्शितः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र+दृश्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive/resultative
ब्रह्मणाby Brahmā / by Brahman (the creator)
ब्रह्मणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
लोक-रक्षार्थम्for the purpose of protecting the world
लोक-रक्षार्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलोक-रक्षा-अर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular, अर्थम् used adverbially: 'for the purpose of'
स्व-धर्म-स्थापनायfor establishing one's own dharma
स्व-धर्म-स्थापनाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootस्व-धर्म-स्थापन
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Ī
Īśvara
B
Brahmā
K
Kṣatriya
D
Daṇḍa

Educational Q&A

Righteous punishment (daṇḍa) is a sacred instrument entrusted to rulers to protect dharma and maintain the enduring order of society; for kings, no duty is more venerable than exercising this power justly for the world’s protection and the establishment of svadharma.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on statecraft and ethics, Bhīṣma teaches Yudhiṣṭhira that governance requires disciplined enforcement: the divine order authorizes Kṣatriyas to wield daṇḍa so that society’s norms and duties remain stable and protected.