Shloka 25
उपायधर्म-सेनायोगः
Upāya-dharma and Senāyoga: Expedient Ethics & Army Deployment
Devanagari script
पदातिनागबहुला प्रावृट्काले प्रशस्यते । गुणानेतान् प्रसंख्याय देशकालौ प्रयोजयेत्
Translation
Bhīṣma dit : « Pendant la saison des pluies, on tient pour supérieur le corps d’armée où abondent les fantassins et les guerriers sur éléphants. Après avoir pesé ces qualités, il faut engager l’armée en tenant compte du pays et du temps. »
Word by Word
पदाति-नाग-बहुलाabounding in infantry and elephants
पदाति-नाग-बहुला:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपदाति + नाग + बहुल
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
प्रावृट्-कालेin the rainy season
प्रावृट्-काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रावृट् + काल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
प्रशस्यतेis praised / is considered excellent
प्रशस्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootशंस्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive
गुणान्qualities
गुणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
एतान्these
एतान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
प्रसंख्यायhaving counted / having considered
प्रसंख्याय:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम् + ख्या
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), ल्यप्
देश-कालौplace and time
देश-कालौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेश + काल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
प्रयोजयेत्should apply / should employ
प्रयोजयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + युज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes