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Shloka 48

Chapter 23: Śakuni Reports, Kaurava Advance, and Arjuna’s Penetration of the Host

रुधिरोक्षितसर्वाड़ा विप्रविद्धैर्नियन्तृभि: । हया: परिपतन्ति सम शतशो5थ सहसत्रश:

rudhirokṣita-sarvāṅgā vipraviddhair niyantṛbhiḥ | hayāḥ paripatanti sma śataśo 'tha sahasraśaḥ ||

Sañjaya dit : Le corps tout entier ruisselant de sang, et leurs conducteurs frappés, jetés dans le désordre, les chevaux n’en finissaient pas de s’effondrer—par centaines, puis par milliers.

रुधिरोक्षितसर्वाङ्गाःwhose whole bodies are drenched with blood
रुधिरोक्षितसर्वाङ्गाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरुधिर-उक्षित-सर्वाङ्ग (सर्व + अङ्ग)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विप्रविद्धैःpierced, struck through
विप्रविद्धैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-प्र-विद् (क्त)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
नियन्तृभिःby the drivers (charioteers/handlers)
नियन्तृभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनियन्तृ (नियम् + तृच्)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
हयाःhorses
हयाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
परिपतन्तिfall down, collapse all around
परिपतन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + पत्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Plural
समम्together, simultaneously
समम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम
शतशःby hundreds
शतशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशतशस्
अथand then / also
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
सहस्रशःby thousands
सहस्रशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहस्रशस्

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
H
horses (hayāḥ)
C
charioteers/drivers (niyantṛ)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the catastrophic cost of war: even innocent beings like horses suffer terribly, and when guidance (the charioteer/driver) is destroyed, order collapses into chaos—an ethical reminder of the far-reaching harm of violence.

Sañjaya describes the battlefield scene where horses, their bodies soaked in blood, fall in great numbers because their charioteers/drivers have been struck down, leaving the teams uncontrolled amid the carnage.