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Mahabharata — Shalya Parva, Shloka 19

अध्याय २२ — अमर्याद-युद्धवर्णन

Unrestrained Battle Description and Śakuni’s Rear Assault

क्षुब्धस्य हि समुद्रस्य प्रावृटूकाले यथा स्वन: । जैसे वर्षाकालमें विक्षुब्ध हुए समुद्रकी भीषण गर्जना सुनायी देती है, उसी प्रकार उन आक्रमणकारी कौरवोंका घोर एवं भयंकर कोलाहल प्रकट होने लगा ।।

kṣubdhasya hi samudrasya prāvṛṭkāle yathā svanaḥ | samāsādya raṇe te tu rājānam aparājitam ||

Sañjaya dit : «De même qu’en saison des pluies la mer, soulevée et bouleversée, fait entendre un rugissement terrible, ainsi commença à monter le tumulte farouche et effroyable de ces Kaurava à l’assaut. S’étant rapprochés, dans la bataille, du roi invaincu…»

क्षुब्धस्यof the agitated
क्षुब्धस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षुब्ध (√क्षुभ्)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
समुद्रस्यof the ocean
समुद्रस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootसमुद्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
प्रावृट्-कालेin the rainy season
प्रावृट्-काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रावृट्-काल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
यथाas/just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
स्वनःsound/roar
स्वनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समासाद्यhaving approached/attacked
समासाद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√सद्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तेthey/those (men)
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
राजानम्the king
राजानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपराजितम्unconquered/undefeated
अपराजितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअपराजित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
S
samudra (ocean/sea)
K
Kauravas
R
rājā (the king, unnamed here)

Educational Q&A

The verse uses a natural simile to convey how collective aggression and martial frenzy swell into overwhelming force; ethically, it highlights how war amplifies fear and violence, and how leaders and armies can become like uncontrollable natural phenomena when driven by hostility.

Sañjaya describes the Kaurava attackers raising a dreadful uproar like a monsoon-tossed ocean, and then moving in to confront an ‘unconquered’ king on the battlefield, signaling an intensification of the fighting.