Shloka 19

Devanagari script

ततस्तद्‌ युद्धमत्युग्रमभवत्‌ सहचारिणाम्‌ | तथा सर्वाण्यनीकानि संनिपत्य जनाधिप

Transliteration

tatas tad yuddham atyugram abhavat sahacāriṇām | tathā sarvāṇy anīkāni saṁnipatya janādhipa ||

Translation

Sañjaya dit : Alors cette bataille entre les compagnons alliés devint d’une âpreté extrême. De même, ô roi, toutes les divisions des armées, s’étant resserrées, se heurtèrent en un seul engagement tumultueux.

Word by Word

ततःthen/thereupon

तत्that (battle/that event)

युद्धम्battle

अति-उग्रम्exceedingly fierce

अभवत्became/was

सहचारिणाम्of the companions/allies

तथाand likewise/also

सर्वाणिall

अनीकानिarmies/divisions

संनिपत्यhaving come together/after assembling

जनाधिपO king (lord of men)

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Sanjaya

Janadhipa (the king, i.e., Dhritarashtra)

army divisions (anīkāni)

battle (yuddha)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores how collective allegiance and kṣatriya duty intensify warfare: once armies converge, personal restraint yields to the momentum of mass conflict, highlighting the ethical gravity of decisions that lead to war.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya reports to the king that the fighting has become extremely fierce, with all the army divisions pressing together and clashing at once, marking a heightened phase of the battle.