Shloka 59

Devanagari script

तथैव तावका: सर्वे मद्राधिपतिमज्जसा । परिवार्य सुसंरब्धा: पुनर्युद्रभरोचयन्‌,इसी प्रकार आपके समस्त सैनिक मद्रराजको चारों ओरसे घेरकर रोष और आवेशसे युक्त हो पुनः युद्धमें ही रुचि दिखाने लगे

Transliteration

tathaiva tāvakāḥ sarve madrādhipatim ajjasā | parivārya susaṃrabdhāḥ punar yuddhe ’bhyarocayan ||

Translation

Sañjaya dit : «Ainsi, tous tes guerriers, entourant promptement de toutes parts le seigneur de Madra, enflammés de colère et d’une ardeur farouche, manifestèrent de nouveau leur empressement pour la bataille.»

Word by Word

• तथा: thus, in that manner
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• एव: indeed, just, also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• तावकाः: your (men), belonging to you
• तावकाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तावक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• मद्राधिपतिम्: the lord/king of Madra
• मद्राधिपतिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद्राधिपति
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अज्जसा: straightway, at once
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अज्जस

• परिवार्य: having surrounded
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि-√वृ (वृणोति/वर्तते)
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)

• सुसंरब्धाः: highly enraged, greatly agitated
• सुसंरब्धाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-संरब्ध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• पुनः: again
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः

• युद्धाभिरोचयन्: showing liking for battle, taking delight in fighting
• युद्धाभिरोचयन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-√रुच्
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• tāvakāḥ (Kaurava warriors)
• Madrādhipati (Śalya)
• Madra

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how collective emotion—especially anger and agitation—can rapidly reignite violence. Ethically, it warns that when warriors are driven by rage rather than discernment, conflict escalates and compassion or restraint is eclipsed.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the Kaurava troops quickly encircle the Madra king Śalya and, stirred up and furious, become eager to resume fighting.