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Shloka 83

Sabhā Parva, Adhyāya 68 — Pāṇḍavānāṃ Vanavāsa-prasthānaḥ; Duḥśāsana-nindā; Pāṇḍava-pratijñāḥ

अध्यूढायाश्व यद्‌ दुःखं साक्षिभिविहतस्य च । एतानि वै समान्याहुर्दु:खानि त्रिदिवेश्वरा:

adhyūḍhāyāśva yad duḥkhaṃ sākṣibhivihatasya ca | etāni vai samāny āhur duḥkhāni tridiveśvarāḥ ||

Kāśyapa dit : «L’angoisse d’une femme enlevée de force comme épouse, et l’angoisse de celui qu’on abat sous les yeux des témoins : les seigneurs du ciel déclarent que ces souffrances sont de même nature.»

अध्यूढायाःof one who has been mounted (i.e., of a rider/one seated on a horse)
अध्यूढायाः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअध्यूढा (अधि-√वह्, क्त)
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
अश्वO horse
अश्व:
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यत्which/that
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
दुःखम्sorrow, suffering
दुःखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
साक्षिभिःby witnesses
साक्षिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसाक्षिन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
विहतस्यof one who has been struck/defeated/repulsed
विहतस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootविहत (वि-√हन्, क्त)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एतानिthese
एतानि:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
समानिequal, alike
समानि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसमान
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
आहुःthey say/call
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Root√अह् (ब्रू)
FormPerfect, Third, Plural
दुःखानिsufferings
दुःखानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
त्रिदिवेश्वराःthe lords of heaven (gods)
त्रिदिवेश्वराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिदिवेश्वर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

कश्यप उवाच

कश्यप (Kāśyapa)
त्रिदिवेश्वराः (the gods / lords of heaven)
साक्षि (witnesses)

Educational Q&A

Publicly witnessed injustice and the violation of a woman through forcible taking are both presented as grievous harms; the verse stresses that certain wrongs are intrinsically comparable in moral weight because they destroy dignity, safety, and social trust.

Kāśyapa is speaking in a didactic context, classifying and comparing kinds of suffering recognized by higher authorities (the gods), to underline how serious these forms of wrongdoing are within dharma discourse.