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Shloka 53

पुनर्द्यूत-समाह्वानम्

Renewed Summons to the Dice-Game and Exile Wager

(न सा सभा यत्र न सन्ति वृद्धा नते वृद्धा ये न वदन्ति धर्मम्‌ नासौ धर्मों यत्र न सत्यमस्ति न तत्‌ सत्यं यच्छलेनानुविद्धम्‌ ।।

na sā sabhā yatra na santi vṛddhā

nate vṛddhā ye na vadanti dharmam |

nāsau dharmo yatra na satyam asti

na tat satyaṃ yac chale'nanuviddham ||

vaiśampāyana uvāca |

tathā bruvantīṃ karuṇaṃ rudantīm

avekṣamāṇāṃ kṛpaṇān patīṃs tān |

duḥśāsanaḥ paruṣāṇy apriyāṇi

vākyāny uvāca amadhurāṇi caiva ||

«Ce n’est pas une assemblée là où les anciens ne sont pas présents. Ne sont pas de vrais anciens ceux qui ne parlent pas du dharma. Ce n’est pas le dharma là où la vérité est absente; et ce n’est pas la vérité quand elle est souillée par la ruse.» Vaiśampāyana dit : «Ô Janamejaya, tandis que Draupadī parlait ainsi d’une voix déchirée, en pleurs et tournant son regard vers ses époux misérables, Duḥśāsana lui adressa maintes paroles dures, importunes et amères.»

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
साthat
सा:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सभाassembly
सभा:
TypeNoun
Rootसभा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सन्तिare
सन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
वृद्धाःelders
वृद्धाः:
TypeNoun
Rootवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तेthose
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वृद्धाःelders
वृद्धाः:
TypeNoun
Rootवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
येwho
ये:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वदन्तिspeak
वदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
धर्मम्dharma; righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
असौthat (yonder)
असौ:
TypePronoun
Rootअसद्/अदस् (pronoun)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma
धर्मः:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सत्यम्truth
सत्यम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अस्तिis
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तत्that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सत्यम्truth
सत्यम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यत्which
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
छलेनby deceit
छलेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootछल
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अनुविद्धम्pierced/tainted (with)
अनुविद्धम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनु-विद्
FormPast Passive Participle (kta), Neuter, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
J
Janamejaya
D
Draupadī
D
Duḥśāsana
P
Pāṇḍava husbands (patayaḥ)

Educational Q&A

A legitimate court depends on morally courageous elders who uphold dharma by speaking truth. Dharma is inseparable from satya, and ‘truth’ loses its status when it is mixed with deceit (chala).

In the Kuru assembly, Draupadī laments the failure of the elders and the collapse of justice. As she weeps and looks to her husbands for support, Duḥśāsana responds with cruel, insulting speech, intensifying her humiliation.