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Shloka 41

कर्णस्य दानप्रतिज्ञा–शल्योपदेश–वाक्ययुद्धम्

Karna’s Gift-Vows, Shalya’s Counsel, and the Battle of Words

जहार समरे प्राणान्‌ नानाशस्त्रैरनेकथा । कोई-कोई योद्धा दूसरेके साथ उलझे हुए सैनिकसे स्वयं अपरिचित रहकर नाना प्रकारके अनेक अस्त्र-शस्त्रोंद्वारा युद्धमें उसके प्राण हर लेता था || ४० $ ।।

jahāra samare prāṇān nānāśastrair anekathā | saṃsakteṣu ca yodheṣu vartamāne ca saṅkule ||

Sañjaya dit : Dans la mêlée, les vies étaient ôtées de bien des façons par d’innombrables armes. Quand les guerriers s’étaient accrochés les uns aux autres et que le combat était devenu une confusion, tel combattant—incapable de reconnaître l’autre dans la cohue—frappait de traits et d’armes diverses, et lui arrachait la vie.

जहारtook away, carried off
जहार:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootहृ (हर्)
Formलिट् (परस्मैपद), 3, singular
समरेin battle
समरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमर
Formmasculine, locative, singular
प्राणान्lives, vital breaths
प्राणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
नानाvarious, diverse
नाना:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाना
शस्त्रैःwith weapons
शस्त्रैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशस्त्र
Formneuter, instrumental, plural
अनेकथाin many ways
अनेकथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनेकथा
संसक्तेषुwhen (they were) engaged/entangled
संसक्तेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसंसक्त (सम्+सञ्ज्/सज्; past participle)
Formmasculine, locative, plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
योधेषुamong the warriors
योधेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयोद्धृ/योध
Formmasculine, locative, plural
वर्तमानेwhile occurring/going on
वर्तमाने:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootवर्तमान (वृत्; शतृ-प्रत्यय वर्तमानकालिक कृदन्त)
Formneuter, locative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
संकुलेin the confusion/crowd
संकुले:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसंकुल
Formneuter, locative, singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
Y
yodhas (warriors)
Ś
śastra (weapons)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the moral danger of war’s confusion: when combat turns into a dense mêlée, recognition and deliberation fail, and killing becomes impersonal—showing how adharma can arise not only from intent but also from the breakdown of clarity and restraint.

Sanjaya reports that the battlefield has become tightly entangled and chaotic; amid this crush, warriors strike with many kinds of weapons and, sometimes without even recognizing the opponent, take lives in various ways.