Shloka 50

Adhyāya 10: Śrutakarmā’s Engagements; Prativindhya–Citra Duel; Drauṇi Advances toward Bhīma

Devanagari script

जहि पार्थान्‌ सपाज्चालान्‌ राधेय विजयाय न: । उद्यन्निव सदा भानुस्तमांस्युग्रैगभस्तिभि:

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | jahi pārthān sapāñcālān rādhēya vijayāya naḥ | udyann iva sadā bhānus tamāṁsy ugrair gabhastibhiḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya dit : «Ô Rādheya (Karna), pour notre victoire, frappe et abats les Pārtha (les fils de Kuntī) avec les Pāñcāla. De même que le soleil, se levant sans cesse, anéantit les ténèbres par ses rayons farouches, ainsi, dans la grande bataille, dissipe nos ennemis et assure-nous le triomphe.»

Word by Word

• जहि: kill
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (√हन्)
• Form: Loṭ (imperative), 2, singular, Parasmaipada

• पार्थान्: the sons of Pṛthā (Pāṇḍavas)
• पार्थान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine, accusative, plural

• स: together with
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स (अव्यय/उपसर्गार्थक)

• पाञ्चालान्: the Pāñcālas
• पाञ्चालान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाञ्चाल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine, accusative, plural

• राधेय: O Rādheya (son of Rādhā, Karṇa)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राधेय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular

• विजयाय: for victory
• विजयाय: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: विजय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine, dative, singular

• नः: of us / our
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: common, genitive, plural

• उद्यन्: rising
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उद् + यत् (√या/√इ?; here from √या 'to go' via present participle 'उद्यन्' = 'rising')
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), masculine, nominative, singular

• इव: like, as if
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• सदा: always
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा

• भानुः: the sun
• भानुः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भानु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• तमांसि: darknesses (darkness)
• तमांसि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: neuter, accusative, plural

• उग्रैः: with fierce
• उग्रैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine/neuter, instrumental, plural

• गभस्तिभिः: by rays
• गभस्तिभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: गभस्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: masculine, instrumental, plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Karna (Radheya)
• Pandavas (Parthas / sons of Kunti)
• Panchalas
• Sun (Bhanu)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse shows how wartime exhortation uses moral imagery—light destroying darkness—to justify lethal action as necessary for ‘victory.’ It invites reflection on how ethical language and metaphors can be employed to frame violence as righteous.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports an exhortation directed at Karna (Rādheya): he is urged to kill the Pāṇḍavas along with their Pāñcāla allies so that the Kaurava side may win, likening Karna’s intended onslaught to the sun’s rays dispelling darkness at dawn.