Shloka 42

अध्याय १५९ — रात्रौ श्रमविरामः

Night Exhaustion and Brief Pause in Battle

Devanagari script

ततः सैनिकमुख्यास्ते प्रशशंसुर्नरर्षभौ । द्रोणपार्थों महेष्वासौ सर्वयुद्धविशारदौ,तदनन्तर प्रधान-प्रधान सैनिक सम्पूर्ण युद्धकलामें प्रवीण, महाधनुर्धर, नरश्रेष्ठ द्रोणाचार्य और युधिष्ठिरकी बड़ी प्रशंसा करने लगे

Transliteration

tataḥ sainikamukhyās te praśaśaṃsur nararṣabhau | droṇapārthau maheṣvāsau sarvayuddhaviśāradau ||

Translation

Sañjaya dit : Alors les chefs les plus éminents de l’armée se mirent à célébrer ces deux héros, taureaux parmi les hommes—Droṇa et Pārtha (Arjuna)—tous deux grands archers, parfaitement versés dans toutes les formes du combat.

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya

• सैनिकमुख्याः: the chief soldiers
• सैनिकमुख्याः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैनिकमुख्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ते: they
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• प्रशशंसुः: praised
• प्रशशंसुः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: शंस् (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Plural

• नरर्षभौ: the two bulls among men (two best of men)
• नरर्षभौ: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: नरर्षभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Dual

• द्रोणपार्थौ: Drona and Partha (Arjuna)
• द्रोणपार्थौ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रोणपार्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• महेष्वासौ: two great bowmen
• महेष्वासौ: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महेष्वास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• सर्वयुद्धविशारदौ: skilled in every kind of warfare
• सर्वयुद्धविशारदौ: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्वयुद्धविशारद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Droṇācārya (Droṇa)
• Pārtha (Arjuna)
• army leaders (sainika-mukhyāḥ)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the cultural-ethical value placed on disciplined mastery and excellence in one’s duty: in war, leaders reinforce morale by honoring those who embody complete training, steadiness, and capability—qualities expected of protectors and commanders.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that prominent military leaders begin praising two outstanding warriors—Droṇa and Pārtha (Arjuna)—describing them as great archers and experts in every form of combat, thereby elevating their status and strengthening the army’s confidence.