Shloka 53

जयद्रथवधः — The Slaying of Jayadratha

Sunset Vow and Curse-Condition

Devanagari script

यवनानां च तत्‌ सैन्यं शकानां च महद्बलम्‌ | ततः स पुरुषव्यात्र: सात्यकि: सत्यविक्रम:

Transliteration

yavanānāṃ ca tat sainyaṃ śakānāṃ ca mahadbalam | tataḥ sa puruṣavyāghraḥ sātyakiḥ satyavikramaḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya dit : «Il y avait aussi cette armée des Yavana, et la grande et puissante force des Śakas. Alors Sātyaki—lion parmi les hommes, dont la vaillance ne faillit jamais—s’avança pour répondre.»

Word by Word

• यवनानाम्: of the Yavanas
• यवनानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: यवन
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• सैन्यम्: army
• सैन्यम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैन्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• शकानाम्: of the Śakas
• शकानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शक
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• महत्: great
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• बलम्: strength, force
• बलम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: बल
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• ततः: then, thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पुरुषव्याघ्रः: tiger among men (best of men)
• पुरुषव्याघ्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुषव्याघ्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सात्यकिः: Sātyaki
• सात्यकिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सात्यकि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सत्यविक्रमः: of true valor; truly valiant
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्यविक्रम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Yavanas
• Śakas
• Sātyaki (Yuyudhāna)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the epic ideal of steadfast valor: a warrior’s resolve is measured not only by strength around him but by unwavering courage when confronted with formidable forces.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports the presence of powerful contingents—the Yavanas and Śakas—on the battlefield, and then notes Sātyaki’s forward movement/engagement, marking him as a principal hero responding to the situation.