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Shloka 12

भीष्मस्य दुर्योधनं प्रति उपालम्भः

Bhīṣma’s Reproof to Duryodhana

पुत्र तव महाराज चुकोप स निशाचर: । महाराज! हाथियोंकी सेनासे घिरे हुए आपके पुत्र दुर्योधनको आते हुए देख वह निशाचर कुपित हो उठा || ११ ह || ततः प्रववृते युद्ध तुमुलं लोमहर्षणम्‌

sañjaya uvāca |

putras tava mahārāja cukopa sa niśācaraḥ |

mahārāja! hāthiyōṅkī senāse ghire hue āpake putra duryodhanako āte hue dekh vah niśācara kupita ho uṭhā ||

tataḥ pravavṛte yuddhaṃ tumulaṃ lomaharṣaṇam ||

Sañjaya dit : Ô grand roi ! Voyant s’avancer ton fils Duryodhana, entouré d’un corps d’éléphants, ce rôdeur de la nuit s’enflamma de colère. Alors s’engagea un combat farouche—tumultueux et hérissant les cheveux.

पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तवof you/your
तव:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
चुकोपbecame angry
चुकोप:
TypeVerb
Rootकुप्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular
सःhe/that (one)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निशाचरःnight-roamer (rakshasa)
निशाचरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिशाचर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
प्रववृतेarose/began
प्रववृते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada
युद्धम्battle
युद्धम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तुमुलम्fierce, tumultuous
तुमुलम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootतुमुल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
लोमहर्षणम्hair-raising, thrilling
लोमहर्षणम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootलोमहर्षण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
D
Dhritarashtra
D
Duryodhana
N
niśācara (rakshasa-like warrior)
E
elephant army (hastinī-senā)

Educational Q&A

The passage highlights how anger (krodha) rapidly intensifies conflict: the sight of an opponent’s advance triggers rage, and that inner agitation immediately manifests as a terrifying battle. Ethically, it underscores the Mahābhārata’s recurring warning that uncontrolled passion accelerates violence and suffering.

Sanjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that a niśācara warrior becomes furious upon seeing Duryodhana advancing, protected by an elephant contingent. As a result, a fierce and frightening engagement begins.