Shloka 21

जब मैं घरसे प्रस्थित हुआ, उस समय महातेजस्वी राजा युधिष्ठिरने मुझसे कहा --'धनंजय! तुम्हें किसी तरह भी राजाओंका वध नहीं करना चाहिये”

vaiśampāyana uvāca — yadāhaṁ gṛhāt prasthitaḥ, tadā mahātejasvī rājā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ mām uvāca— “dhanañjaya! tvaṁ kathaṁcid api rājñāṁ vadhaṁ na kartavyaḥ.”

Vaiśampāyana dit : Lorsque je quittai la maison, le roi Yudhiṣṭhira, rayonnant de splendeur, me déclara : « Dhanañjaya, en aucune circonstance tu ne dois tuer les rois. » Cette injonction place la mission sous le signe de l’éthique : même au cœur des querelles royales, la retenue et l’observance du dharma doivent guider l’action.

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
Formtemporal adverb
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद्
Formgender: (pronoun), case: nominative, number: singular
गृहात्from the house
गृहात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootगृह
Formgender: neuter, case: ablative, number: singular
प्रस्थितःhaving set out / departed
प्रस्थितः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-स्था
Formkṛdanta: past active participle (kta/ktavat), gender: masculine, case: nominative, number: singular
आसम्was
आसम्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
Formtense: imperfect, person: 1st, number: singular
तदाthen / at that time
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
Formtemporal adverb
महातेजस्वीvery radiant / of great splendor
महातेजस्वी:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहातेजस्विन्
Formgender: masculine, case: nominative, number: singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formgender: masculine, case: nominative, number: singular
युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
Formgender: masculine, case: nominative, number: singular
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद्
Formgender: (pronoun), case: accusative, number: singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formtense: perfect, person: 3rd, number: singular
धनञ्जयO Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)
धनञ्जय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootधनञ्जय
Formgender: masculine, case: vocative, number: singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Formgender: (pronoun), case: nominative, number: singular
कथञ्चित्in any way / by any means
कथञ्चित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथञ्चित्
Formmanner adverb
अपिeven / at all
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
Formparticle (emphasis)
राज्ञाम्of kings
राज्ञाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formgender: masculine, case: genitive, number: plural
वधम्killing / slaughter
वधम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवध
Formgender: masculine, case: accusative, number: singular
माdo not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
Formprohibitive particle
कार्षीःyou should do / you must do (here: do not do)
कार्षीः:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formtense: aorist (injunctive/imperative sense with मा), person: 2nd, number: singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)
K
kings (rājānaḥ)

Educational Q&A

Even in politically charged missions, dharma demands restraint: Yudhiṣṭhira explicitly forbids the killing of kings, emphasizing ethical limits on force and the priority of righteous conduct over vengeance or conquest.

As the journey begins, Vaiśampāyana reports that King Yudhiṣṭhira gives Dhanañjaya (Arjuna) a clear directive: during the undertaking, he must not slay the kings—setting the moral boundaries for the actions to follow.