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Shloka 21

Abhimanyunidhana-prakāśaḥ — Vasudeva–Kṛṣṇa–Subhadrā–Kuntī śoka-saṃvāda

Disclosure and Consolation

ततः पार्थ समासाद्य पतड़ इव पावकम्‌ | पजञ्चत्वमगमत्‌ सौतिर्द्धितीयेडहनि दारुण:

tataḥ pārtha samāsādya pataṅga iva pāvakam | pañcatvam agamat sautir dvitīye 'hani dāruṇaḥ ||

Vāsudeva dit : «Alors, ô Pārtha, le fils du Sūta, farouche de nature, s’approcha de toi et trouva sa fin au second jour. Tel un papillon de nuit qui se jette dans une flamme éclatante et s’y consume, il t’affronta au combat et fut tué.» Le vers porte un avertissement moral : l’agression téméraire et la vaillance égarée, lorsqu’elles sont mues par la cruauté plutôt que par le dharma, hâtent la ruine de celui qui s’y abandonne.

ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
FormAvyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from/thereupon')
पार्थO Partha (Arjuna)
पार्थ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
समासाद्यhaving approached/engaged
समासाद्य:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√सद्
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय), 'having approached/attacked'
पतङ्गःa moth
पतङ्गः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपतङ्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike/as
इव:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
FormAvyaya (particle of comparison)
पावकम्fire
पावकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपावक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पञ्चत्वम्the state of five elements; death
पञ्चत्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्चत्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अगमत्went/attained
अगमत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√गम्
FormAorist (लुङ्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular
सौतिःthe charioteer’s son (Sauti)
सौतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसौति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्वितीयेon the second
द्वितीये:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वितीय
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular (agreeing with अहनि)
अहनिday
अहनि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअहन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
दारुणःfierce/cruel
दारुणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदारुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular (agreeing with सौतिः)

वासुदेव उवाच

V
Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)
P
Pārtha (Arjuna)
S
Sauti (son of a sūta)
P
Pāvaka (fire)

Educational Q&A

The verse uses the moth-and-flame simile to teach that rash, cruel, and dharma-blind aggression leads swiftly to self-destruction; true heroism is not mere ferocity but action aligned with right conduct and discernment.

Kṛṣṇa (Vāsudeva) tells Arjuna (Pārtha) that a fierce warrior called “Sauti” approached and engaged Arjuna, and on the second day of fighting he was killed—likened to a moth flying into fire.